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4.49. Jordan has seven electricity generation companies with a combined capacity of nearly 4,000 MW. (...) the Jordan Bio-Gas Company Ltd also generates electricity by converting organic waste into methane gas.

4.51. According to the IMF, as a result of this new system, " (...) NEPCO's [National Electric Power Company] long-term supply contracts for natural gas and relatively high renewable power capacity are expected to largely shield it from the surge in global fuel prices in the near-term. Accordingly, NEPCO's deficit was projected to decline to 0.3 percent of GDP in 2022".

4.101. The Ministry of Transport (MOT) is responsible for the sector. In 2014, the Long Term National Transport Strategy was launched, aiming to integrate all transport subsectors (i.e. land, maritime, air, and rail) through a long-term transport strategy running until 2030. The Strategy contains five policy pillars: (...) heightening environmental protection; (...) The second phase was completed in 2018 providing a new model for the passenger and goods transportation sector.

4.102. According to the Jordan Public Transport Diagnostic and Recommendations Report 2022, the estimated cost of transport-related inefficiencies is about USD 3 billion a year, or at least 6% of GDP including the cost of traffic congestion, fatalities, injuries, environmental degradation, (...)

4.103. According to the same report, Jordan has not yet been able to decouple economic growth from carbon emissions. Transport, together with energy, is the main contributor to GHG emissions. Jordan's transport sector's GHG emissions are estimated to have increased over 11,000 gigagrams over the past 15 years, increasing the cost to the economy from USD 500 million to USD 1billion per year.

4.118. During the review period, the Government took steps towards enhancing public road transport. A new transport law, Passenger Transport Law No. 19 of 2017, "set the framework for much-needed reforms with the mandatory grouping of small operators, thereby opening the door to better route coordination and service contracts with key performance indicators on quality, safety, green mobility, and service reliability". (...)

4.120. The main institutions involved in road transport are the MOT [The Ministry of Transport] and the Land Transport Regulatory Commission (LTRC). The former is responsible for implementing policies that develop and sustain the transport sector; enhancing the role of the private sector, attracting investment, and increasing the productivity of the transport sector; and setting standards for safety, security, and environmental conservation. (...)

4.132. The Aqaba Port community consists of 12 terminals spanning 32 specialized berths. According to the authorities, it is operated by world class operators using best international technology, safety, and environmental standards. (...)

4.136. During the review period, the Aqaba Industrial Port and Aqaba Phosphate Terminal were rehabilitated and expanded through a PPP with the Jordan Industrial Ports Company. Two berths have been added to the facility to increase its annual handling capacity to 9 million tonnes and enhance operational efficiency, and environmental/safety measures. The phosphate export facility that was previously located in the northern port has been removed. Through a partnership with the Jordan Phosphate Mining Company, a new phosphate plant has been established. According to the authorities, it has state-of-the-art operational facilities ensuring the highest environmental standards. (...)

4.148. In December 2021, MOTA [The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities] launched its Jordan Tourism Strategy 2021 to 2025, with the vision "to create inclusive economic growth through authentic and sustainable tourism products [and] experiences and eliminate the impact of COVID-19". (...)