Search

4.12. The National Agricultural Development Strategy 2020-25 aims at increasing agricultural GDP from JOD 2.6 billion in 2020 to JOD 3.66 billion by 2025 and boosting agriculture's value-added from JOD 1.6 billion to JOD 2.48 billion in the period. (...) the Strategy is pursuing a 10% increase in the forest area by 2025.

4.14. The Government has recently developed and adopted the National Water Strategy 2023-2040, as well as several policies that focus on providing irrigation water while reducing overall volumes of freshwater used as irrigation water. These policies are part of the Strategy and include Wastewater Management and Reuse Policy, Water Reallocation Policy, and Water Demand Policy. The water for irrigation represented 48.6% of water demand in Jordan.

4.15. The National Water Strategy 2023-2040 consists of four pillars: (...) (ii) restore balance between available and sustainable water supplies and sufficient water demand to meet Jordan's health and economic development needs to achieve lasting water security; (...)

4.26. During the review period, there were no significant changes to the institutional framework regarding mining and energy. The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) remains responsible for the sector, elaborating policies and legislation with the objective of achieving a sustainable supply of energy and optimal use of Jordan's natural resources according to global best practices.

4.31. Natural Resource Law No. 19 of 2018 aims at natural resources development, together with their sustainable exploitation, and to regulate mining activities. It establishes that (i) natural resources are considered property of the State, whether they are on the surface of the earth or in its interior, or in territorial waters, rivers, and inland seas; (ii) it is not permissible to explore, exploit, transfer, or trade in natural resources without obtaining a permit or licence; (iii) any activities of survey, exploration and exploitation of petroleum, oil shale, coal and strategic minerals shall be conducted in accordance with a Regulation issued for this purpose; (iv) mining is considered a public interest and no survey permit, exploration licence or mining right may be granted for governmental, private, or Waqf land unless approved by their owners or by whom authorized on land use; (v) prior approval and supervision of the related authorities is requested to survey, explore, or mine within holy places or antiquity sites, railway lands, municipal areas, reservoirs, and oil and sewage pipelines lands; and (vi) it is impermissible for the licensee to possess or obtain water from any lake, sea, river, stream, water passage, dam, underground reservoir, or canal abutting any spot within the licence or permit area without prior approval.

Table ‎4.10 Primary energy consumption by source, 2016-21
('000 toe (tonnes of oil equivalent))
(...)
Type of energy source: Renewable energy: (2016) 412, (2017) 515, (2018) 753, (2019) 823, (2020) 982, (2021) 1245
(...)

4.41. The Master Strategy for the Energy Sector 2020-30, developed by the MEMR [The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources], calls for a sustainable future energy supply, diversification of the national energy mix, increased dependency on the share of domestic energy resources, enhanced energy security, and reduced energy dependence and cost of electricity supply.

4.43. The Master Strategy for the Energy Sector 2020-2030 targets a 31% share for renewables in total power generation capacity. It aims to boost energy efficiency by achieving a 9% reduction of energy consumption by 2023 taking the energy consumption in 2018 as a base year, with mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in line with the global GHG emissions reduction (Section 1.1).

4.46. (...) The principal legislation remains the General Electricity Law of 2002, which aims to develop the sector in accordance with public interest, while encouraging local and foreign investment. The Law is administered by the MEMR [The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources] , which is responsible for managing general policies pertaining to the sector; promoting the use of renewable energy; (...) The Law also allows private sector independent power producers (IPPs) to obtain a licence to generate electricity based on thermal power stations and on renewable energy.

4.48. Under Electricity License Fee Regulation No. 30 of 2015, there is a new licensing regulation for power companies, which removed the exemption from licensing fees for companies generating power from renewable energy sources. Under the new regulation, licence fees for renewable energy power generators are as follows: one time licence issuance fee of 1% of the company's registered share capital (to also be paid on any further increase of the company's registered capital); and an annual licence fee of 0.01 fils (JOD 0.00001) per KWh sold from the project. The one-time licence issuance fee is to be paid upon issuance of the licence.