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3.60. During the review period of 2016-22, temporary export duties were imposed on wastepaper, and sheet and scrap metal, according to the authorities.

3.61. According to the authorities, Jordan maintains export prohibitions only on the grounds of fulfilling its international obligations, such as controls on endangered species of wild fauna and flora and non-proliferation of nuclear and chemical weapons. (...)

3.83. (...) Technical regulations may also be issued by other government bodies such as the Ministry of Environment, (...) The authorities indicate that only standards directly affecting human health and safety, environmental protection, and national security are deemed mandatory (i.e. designated as technical regulations). As of end-2022, there were 737 technical regulations in force, 105 of which were adopted during the review period, covering, inter alia, (...) photovoltaic systems, (...)

3.96. The new Agriculture Law No. 13 of 2015 (...) also aims to promote sustainable agriculture and protect the environment.

3.102. The Regulation for Biosafety of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) requires that all GMO products must be evaluated and approved by the National Biosafety Committee (NBC) before they can be imported into Jordan. Importation of genetically modified crops that are intended to release into the environment (for cultivation) is prohibited. However, importation of goods containing GMOs as ingredients is possible. The JFDA is responsible for regulating the safety of GMO foods and their products. GMO products must clearly be labelled with the phrase "genetically modified", and ingredients must be listed on the labels.

3.122. The Competition Law follows the principle of free determination of prices in accordance with market mechanisms and the principles of free competition. However, prices of "essential commodities" are controlled, pursuant to the Industry and Trade Law No. 188 of 1998 and other specific laws. [49]
[49] In the case of emergencies or natural disasters, the Government may temporarily control prices of essential commodities.

4.1. In 2022, agriculture and related activities accounted for 5.3% of Jordan's GDP (Chart 1.1) and for 3.2% of national employment, of which two thirds are non-Jordanian. (...) The sector faces several challenges, particularly the dry climate with limited access to water supplies.

4.2. (...) There is minimal production in the semi-arid eastern regions as Jordan has limited water resources and much of the soil is relatively infertile. (...)

4.9. The principal legislation on agriculture remains Agriculture Law No. 13 of 2015, whose main objectives are to increase self-sufficiency and improve diversification while meeting international, regional, and domestic requirements and conserving the environment and natural resources. In addition, there are other laws relating to water and irrigation that affect agriculture.

4.11. On 24 August 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture launched the National Agricultural Development Strategy 2020-25 at an estimated cost of JOD 591 million. It envisages 174 interventions and projects, focusing on the following priorities: (...) and expanding forest and pasture areas.