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3.23. Water scarcity poses a significant challenge to agriculture in Jordan. The government has implemented various measures to efficiently manage water resources, including the adoption of drip irrigation, water conservation techniques, and the promotion of water-saving crops. Additionally, the country has invested in desalination and wastewater treatment to supplement water supplies for agricultural purposes.

5.4. (...) the Industry Support and Development Fund Regulation No. (45) for the year 2022 was established in collaboration with the World Bank. This fund serves as a strategic initiative aimed at bolstering investments and exports within the manufacturing sector through the modernization and upgrading of industries. Additionally, it aims to foster export development and promotion with full aligned to international commitments while incentivizing companies to excel in areas vital to the sector's growth, such as enhanced climate-responsiveness and increased female employment.

5.6. (...) Moreover, the law [The Customs Law No. 33 of 2018 and its subsequent amendment, Law No. 10 of 2019, have been enacted to establish comprehensive regulations and procedures governing customs in Jordan] includes a provision for the issuance of a regulation governing the transit of hazardous and dual use goods through Jordan. (...)

6.10. Trade and environment: Jordan is actively pursuing technical support in the area of trade and environment to strengthen the harmonization of its procedures and standards with international norms and foster a deeper comprehension of these matters. The objective is to ensure that trade activities are conducted in a manner that is environmentally sustainable and complies with international standards and obligations. Jordan recognizes the importance of striking a balance between economic growth and environmental conservation, and seeks technical assistance to enhance its capacity in integrating environmental considerations into trade policies and practices. This support will aid Jordan in developing effective strategies for sustainable trade, promoting green growth, and contributing to global efforts in environmental preservation.

2. (...) The economy is also particularly vulnerable to the risks posed by climate change. To deal with this, Jordan's first Climate Change National Adaptation Plan was launched in 2021.

5. In June 2022, Jordan's Economic Modernization Vision 2033 was announced, aiming to enhance, over a 10-year period, growth, and quality of life by creating one million new jobs; improving Jordan's ranking on global competitiveness, environment, prosperity, and sustainability indexes; and expanding into high value-added service and industrial sectors.

17. Agriculture and related activities contributed 5.3% to Jordan's GDP in 2022. (...) The sector faces many constraints relating to the small size of farms, the dry climate, and the lack of irrigation water. The goals of the National Water Strategy 2023-2040 are to provide irrigation water and reduce the use of freshwater as irrigation water. (...)

18. (...) A new natural resource law was enacted in 2018 to regulate mining activities, aiming at natural resources development and their sustainable exploitation.

19. (...) The Master Strategy for the Energy Sector 2020-2030 calls for a sustainable future energy supply, diversification of the national energy mix, increased dependency on the share of domestic energy resources, enhanced energy security, and reduced energy dependence and cost of electricity supply. (...)

1.4. Climate change poses sustainability risks to Jordan since it is one of the world's most water-scarce country, with climate change significantly reducing its water supply in recent years. [10] At the same time, climate change is pressuring supply, with scarcer precipitation limiting the replenishment of aquifers, and demand, with rising temperatures accelerating evaporation and increasing water needs in agriculture. With the aim of addressing the impacts of climate change, Jordan ratified the Paris Agreement in November 2016, enhancing its commitment by raising its conditional greenhouse gas emissions reduction target from 14% to 31% by 2030. Moreover, Jordan's first Climate Change National Adaptation Plan was launched in 2021, while the National Water Strategy 2016-26 aims at solving Jordan's water shortage.
[10] Since the 1980s, annual temperatures increased by 1.4ºC and annual precipitation declined about 13%. The level of per capita renewable water resources in Jordan is currently at 96 cubic meters per year, well below the internationally recognized water scarcity level of 500 cubic meters per capita per year. IMF (2022), Jordan: Staff Report for the 2022 Article IV Consultation, IMF Country Report No. 22/221, p. 79.