Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/255/REV.1 |
S-IV§60 |
Thailand |
2011 |
Sectors |
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Services |
Relevant information
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Under the GATS sector-specific commitments, foreign equity limitations on mode 3 vary by sector, ranging from 20% to 49% for telecommunication services, 25% to 49% for most banking, insurance, and other financial services, and 49% for professional services (legal, accounting, engineering, and architectural services), as well as for certain construction services, distribution, educational, environmental, tourism, recreational, and maritime, rail, and road transport services
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/390 |
S-IV§60 |
North Macedonia |
2019 |
Sectors |
Other environmental requirements |
Energy |
Relevant information
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In order to fully transpose Directive 28/2009/EC on the promotion of renewable energy and biofuels, a new law on biofuels and an action plan for the use thereof will soon be adopted. They will set the obligatory percentage of biofuels, the monitoring system, the price of mixed biofuels, and the possibilities for subsidizing their production and use.
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Keywords
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/264/REV.1 |
S-IV§60, 63-66; Table AIII.6 |
China |
2012 |
Sectors |
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Energy |
Relevant information
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The revised Law on Renewable Energy stipulates that the Government is to implement unified administration of the development and utilization of renewable energy, including to adopt a system of guaranteed full purchase of electricity generated from renewable energy such as wind power, solar power, geothermal power, and biomass power
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Keywords
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/309 |
S-IV§61 |
Brunei Darussalam |
2014 |
Sectors |
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Energy |
Relevant information
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Almost 99% of electricity uses natural gas as the main fuel while the rest is generated by diesel fuel. The Government is, therefore, exploring ways to increase renewables usage and reduce carbon emissions, including a smart grid and solar plants. The Government aims to have at least 10% of power generation from renewable energy by 2035. (…)
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Keywords
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Emissions
Renewable
Energy
Climate
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/309 |
S-IV§61 |
Brunei Darussalam |
2014 |
Measures |
Income or price support |
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Relevant information
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(…) The Government is developing a "Feed-in-Tariff" policy to accelerate the use of renewable energy.
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Keywords
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/324 |
S-IV§61 |
Southern African Customs Union (SACU): Namibia |
2015 |
Sectors |
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Fisheries |
Relevant information
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According to the authorities, Namibia's management procedures do not conflict with the State's commitment to efficiency as the Ministry is committed to observing the principles of optimum sustainable yield in the exploration of marine resources. Namibia's management style is a model to many countries, attested by the Ministry being awarded for best practices by the FAO and other institutions. The Government is obliged to promote and regulate responsible and sustainable development and management of all harvesting activities that target marine resources.
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Keywords
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Natural resources
Sustainable
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/311/REV.1 |
S-IV§61 |
Pakistan |
2015 |
Sectors |
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Energy |
Relevant information
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(...) Due to fast growing demand, fuel supply limitations and seasonal variations in the availability of hydropower, the gap between supply and demand of electricity, currently estimated at some 5GW, is resulting in routine load-shedding of several hours daily. Moreover, power transmission and distribution are highly inefficient, resulting in losses of some 23-25%, due to poor infrastructure, mismanagement, and theft of electricity. Finally, an ill-designed tariff structure acts as a disincentive for households to save energy and brings with it considerable implicit subsidies to the middle class.
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Keywords
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/355/REV.1 |
S-IV§61 |
Switzerland and Liechtenstein |
2017 |
Sectors |
Income or price support |
Energy |
Relevant information
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In addition, since prices in European electricity trading are exceptionally low due to overcapacity and faltering demand, most Swiss hydro-electric power stations can no longer cover their costs. Hence, as hydro-electric power is a mainstay of Swiss electricity supply, Parliament voted as part of the Energy Strategy 2050 not only to support new installations (where investment can be expected if and when prices recover), but also to grant financial support to existing ones. It will be possible to claim a market premium for electricity produced by large-scale Swiss hydro electric power stations which must be sold for less than the cost of production. This premium is capped (1.0 ct/KWh) and the total available financial resources are limited. This measure is valid for a period of five years and is financed by the network supplement paid by electricity consumers. In the meantime, a reform of the "water royalty"(i.e. the compensations granted to the local population whose activities have been affected by the construction of the hydro-electric facilities), which accounts for up to 25% of hydropower operating costs, is to be decided by 2019.
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Keywords
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/362 |
S-IV§61 |
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2017 |
Sectors |
Import licences, Other environmental requirements |
Energy |
Relevant information
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Benin currently imports all its petroleum needs. The National Petroleum Product Marketing Company (SONACOP) and other approved private oil companies supply the country with petroleum products. Private firms must obtain an import and marketing authorization issued by joint order of the Ministers responsible for trade and for hydrocarbons. An application for authorization must be accompanied, among other things, by (...) a general installation safety and environmental protection plan. Moreover, private companies must demonstrate technical knowledge in the field of petroleum products. There is also an informal marketing sector for petroleum products from Nigeria.
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Keywords
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/362 |
S-IV§61 |
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2017 |
Sectors |
Risk assessment |
Mining |
Relevant information
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The 2014 Code provides inter alia for: (...) the carrying out of an environmental impact study for every type of exploitation, and, for large-scale projects, the holding of public consultations; (...)
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