Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/324 |
S-IV§42 |
Southern African Customs Union (SACU): Lesotho |
2015 |
Sectors |
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Energy, Other |
Relevant information
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The water and electricity sectors in Lesotho are mainly governed by the Water Act 2008 which regulates the management, protection, conservation and use of water resources. In addition to this legal instrument, since 2009 Lesotho has developed a number of regulations and rules regarding for instance licence applications (2012) , licence fees (2009 and 2013) , electricity prices (2009) and the resolution of disputes to improve transparency and predictability in these sectors.
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Keywords
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Natural resources
Conservation
Water
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-IV§42 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Energy |
Relevant information
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Cambodia's energy structure remains simple; fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum products, are imported, while biomass is mostly produced domestically. In 2015, its total primary energy supply rose to 4,761 kilotons of oil equivalent (ktoe), of which biomass accounted for 44%, oil 39%, coal 11%, hydro 3.6% and electricity 3%, compared to 3,554 ktoe in 2011, of which biomass accounted for 51%, oil 44%, electricity 4%, coal 1% and hydro 0.1%. The reduced share of overall energy imports compared with indigenous production implies that Cambodia is becoming less dependent on energy imports (Section 4.2.2.2).
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Keywords
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/362 |
S-IV§42 |
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2017 |
Sectors |
Other environmental requirements |
Fisheries |
Relevant information
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The subsector faces a number of challenges. Overfishing and the degradation of aquatic ecosystems due to the use of non selective fishing gear and the pollution of stretches of water by household and industrial waste mean that domestic production of fisheries and aquaculture products remains very low and insufficient to meet people's needs. Since 2014, fishing and fish farming have been regulated by Framework Law No. 2014-19 of 7 August 2014 on fishing and fish-farming in the Republic of Benin. The Law establishes the conditions for fishing in the waters under Beninese jurisdiction and is intended, among other things, to guarantee the sustainable management of fisheries resources. Foreign fishing craft and sea fishing vessels may be authorized to fish in Beninese waters under international agreements concluded between the Republic of Benin and the country whose flag they fly or in which they are registered. As of 2016, there were no fisheries agreements in place under the new legislation. However, Ghana has tuna boats in Beninese waters and negotiations are under way for the adoption of a fisheries agreement in conformity with the regulations in force.
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Keywords
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Fish
Pollution
Sustainable
Waste
Eco
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/362 |
S-IV§42 |
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2017 |
Sectors |
Other environmental requirements |
Fisheries |
Relevant information
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The vessels covered by the Order must also pay a contribution to a Fisheries Resources Conservation and Protection Management Fund. These contributions range from CFAF 12,000/GT/year to CFAF 123,990/GT/year for shrimps, cephalopod, demersal and pelagic fishing vessels; and CFAF 456,103 per tuna vessel per year. Finally, there is also a charge on fisheries-related operations, ranging from CFAF 60,000/GT/year for transport of fuel for fishing vessels; CFAF 30,600/GT/year for the transport of fisheries products; CFAF 23,000/GT/year for the transport of fishing equipment and provisions; and CFAF 50,000/GT/year for fishing vessels.
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Keywords
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/362 |
S-IV§42 |
The West African Economic and Monetary Union: Mali |
2017 |
Sectors |
Risk assessment |
Mining |
Relevant information
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All applications for an exploitation permit must be accompanied by an environmental impact assessment. (...)
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Keywords
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/360/REV.1 |
S-IV§42 |
Paraguay |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Energy |
Relevant information
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The objectives of the energy sector are set out in the National Plan Paraguay 2030 (section 2), which aims to increase renewable energy consumption by 60% and reduce fossil fuel consumption by 20%. The Energy Policy of the Republic of Paraguay, as approved by Decree No. 6.092/2016, establishes five higher strategic objectives (Box 4.1), together with other specific objectives and an action plan.
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Keywords
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/303/REV.2 |
S-IV§42 |
Sierra Leone |
2017 |
Sectors |
Other price and market based measures |
Fisheries |
Relevant information
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A draft Fisheries and Aquaculture Bill is at the final drafting stage. The authorities indicated that the bill has provisions for a quota-management system for fishing activities.
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Keywords
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/371/REV.1 |
S-IV§42 |
Mauritania |
2018 |
Sectors |
Other environmental requirements |
Fisheries |
Relevant information
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Mauritania has undertaken to implement the international regulations against illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing , which came into force on 1 January 2010. Under these regulations, vessels must be registered, be in possession of a fishing licence, and each trip out to sea has to be declared. Products exported by processors or shipowners (approved by the sanitary authorities) must be traceable.
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Keywords
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/381 |
S-IV§42 |
Nepal |
2018 |
Sectors |
Risk assessment |
Mining |
Relevant information
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No mining activities can lawfully occur in the absence of a mining licence issued by the Department of Mines and Geology (DMG) and environmental clearance from the Ministry for Forest and Environment. There are two types of licences related to mining activities issued by the DMG: a prospecting licence and a mining licence. The prospecting licence is required for all exploration activities in Nepal. It allows the licence-holder to conduct exploration in an area of not less than 0.25 km2 and not more than 250 km2 for an initial exploration period of two to four years, and can be extended for up to two years. Exploration activities should be completed within two years for ordinary non-metallic minerals and four years for metallic and valuable non-metallic minerals. This type of licence is categorized by the value of the mineral being explored.
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Keywords
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/373 |
S-IV§42 |
Norway |
2018 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Forestry |
Relevant information
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Norway's "Nature for Life", national biodiversity action plan (2015-16), contains the Government's policy for safeguarding biodiversity in Norway. [46] The white paper outlining the plan to the Storting identifies the main policies as: more clearly targeted nature management, climate-resilient nature management, strengthening municipal expertise on biodiversity, safeguarding threatened species and habitats, long-term conservation of a representative selection of Norwegian nature, knowledge-based management, and adaptation of tools and instruments to different ecosystems. [47] The Government considers that any intensification of forestry involving an increase in timber harvesting, as a result of the policies and measures for increasing value creation from forestry, should be combined with stronger environmental measures in forestry. The Nature for Life was followed up by the White Paper on "Growth in Competitive Forestry 2016". In 2018, the Government plans to outline measures for increased care of key biotopes and more mapping to ensure better management of mature forests.
[46] Regjeringen online information. Viewed at: https://www.regjeringen.no/en/dokumenter/meld.-st.-14-20152016/id2468099/sec1.
[47] Regjeringen online information. Viewed at: https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/902deab2906342dd823906d06ed05db2/en-gb/pdfs/stm201520160014000engpdfs.pdf.
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Keywords
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Bio
Climate
Conservation
Environment
Forest
Wildlife
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