Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/397/REV.1 |
S-4§112 |
Japan |
2020 |
Sectors |
Other support measures |
Energy |
Relevant information
|
4.112. Geothermal, hydropower and biomass are envisaged by the Plan as essentially local sources of energy produced by small-scale facilities. The Government is to provide assistance to these types of project and to the building of distribution systems combining small-scale energy renewable sources.
|
Keywords
|
|
|
Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/397/REV.1 |
S-4§111 |
Japan |
2020 |
Sectors |
Non-monetary support |
Energy |
Relevant information
|
4.111. Regarding wind energy, the SEP acknowledges the environmental constraints, the scarcity of suitable locations available onshore, the grid connection, and the high costs of production. It sets an ambitious cost objective of JPY 8 to JPY 9/kWh in 2030, and plans to develop this energy essentially offshore, and to introduce a bidding system to limit costs.
|
Keywords
|
Energy
Environment
Renewable
|
|
Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/395/REV.1 |
S-4§112 |
European Union |
2020 |
Sectors |
|
Fisheries |
Relevant information
|
4.112. While nearly 80% of all EU catches take place in EU waters, the remaining catches come from the international high seas and waters of non-EU countries. EU fishing activities outside EU waters are based on the same principles as fishing within the EU. In December 2017, the EU introduced a new regulation on the sustainable management of external fishing fleets (SMEFF Regulation), which provides a new system of issuing and managing authorizations for EU vessels fishing outside EU waters, in order to improve monitoring and transparency of EU vessels. All EU vessels outside EU waters under the management of Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) and bilateral fisheries agreements, and in high seas not under RFMOs, must be authorized by a flag member State.
|
Keywords
|
|
|
Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/402/REV.1 |
S-4§112 |
Macao, China |
2020 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Services |
Relevant information
|
4.112. The authorities noted that the legislation governing the tourism sector is currently under revision. (...) They thus consider it essential to revise current regulations to meet the industry's diversification and sustainable development needs (...).
|
Keywords
|
|
|
Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/424/REV.1 |
S-4§111 |
Pakistan |
2022 |
Sectors |
Other measures |
Energy |
Relevant information
|
4.111. According to the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority's (NEPRA) State of Industry Report 2020, the addition of renewable energy projects has accelerated in the power sector recently. However, according to Table 4.15, electricity generated from renewable energy declined from 7,955 GWh in 2019 to 2,322 GWh in 2020 and 2,294 GWh in 2021. According to the authorities, the difference comes from a change in reporting periods. Difficulties facing the inclusion of renewable energy power plants include the requirement of back up power generation capacity [41], and added cost of transmission lines due to the remote locations of wind plants. The Government set a target of 20% renewable energy capacity by 2025 and 30% by 2030 in the national grid. Given that in 2021 electricity generated from renewable energy accounted for 2.2% of total electricity generation, NEPRA recently approved an Indicative Generation Capacity Expansion Plan (IGCEP) that aims to add new generation capacity over a 10 year horizon.
[41] The authorities indicate that renewable energy power plants generate power intermittently and thus require energy storage equipment or back-up generation capacity.
|
Keywords
|
|
|
Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/424/REV.1 |
S-4§110 |
Pakistan |
2022 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Energy |
Relevant information
|
4.110. The State plays an important role in the electricity generation, transmission, and distribution process. The Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA), a state-owned enterprise (SOE), generates hydroelectricity, while state-owned generation companies (GENCOs) generate thermal power. Independent power producers (IPPs) continue to increase in importance. In 2021, thermal had the largest share in the installed electricity generation capacity, followed by hydro (Table 4.14).
|
Keywords
|
|
|
Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/434/REV.1 |
S-4§111 |
United States of America |
2022 |
Sectors |
Conformity assessment procedures, Risk assessment |
Fisheries |
Relevant information
|
4.111. Seafood Import Monitoring Program (SIMP) was implemented on 1 January 2018 and aims to deter IUU fish and fish products and misrepresented seafood from entering U.S. commerce and to support the identification of such products while complementing existing NMFS traceability programs for imported seafood products. SIMP requirements apply to 13 single species and species groups that were determined to be the most vulnerable.[106] These species are some of the most popular fish products, thus SIMP covers about half of all U.S. seafood imports. NMFS developed SIMP under the constraint that lawful trade should not be stopped and the volume of imports is too large to inspect every shipment; however, it is possible to prohibit or stop the importation of IUU fish shipments pursuant to the provisions of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MSA). (...)
[106] Since inception it has applied to abalone, Atlantic cod, blue crab (Atlantic), dolphinfish (Mahi Mahi), grouper, king crab (red), Pacific cod, red snapper, sea cucumber, sharks, shrimp, swordfish, and tuna (Albacore, Bigeye, Skipjack, Yellowfin, and Bluefin); however, for the initial period until 31 December 2018, there was a stay on the implementation for abalone and shrimp.
|
Keywords
|
Conservation
Fish
Wildlife
|
|
Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/415/REV.1 |
S-4§111 |
China |
2021 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Manufacturing |
Relevant information
|
4.111. Similar to the whole manufacturing sector, the machinery and equipment industry was hit hard by the COVID‑19 outbreak. (...) The authorities note that machinery industry policy aims to pursue innovation-driven development; promote the transformation towards an intelligent, green, and service-oriented machinery industry; promote the optimization of industrial structures; improve product quality; improve the utilization rates of resources and energies; and reduce pollutant emissions.
|
Keywords
|
Emissions
Green
Pollution
|
|
Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/401/REV.1 |
S-4§111 |
Indonesia |
2020 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Energy |
Relevant information
|
4.111. Under the 2014 National Energy Policy (Kebijakan Energi Nasional, KEN), a comprehensive policy covering both the supply and demand sides, the authorities aimed at achieving security of the domestic energy supply by reducing gasoline dependency and increasing the use of renewable energy. It also addresses: the availability of energy to meet the nation's requirements; energy development priorities; the utilization of national energy resources; and national energy buffer reserves. The KEN sets a clear target of the share of each type of primary energy, from 2025 to 2050, as follows: new and renewable energy (NRE) at least 23% in 2025 and 31% in 2050; oil less than 25% in 2025 and 20% in 2050; coal at least 30% in 2025 and 25% in 2050; and gas at least 22% in 2025 and 24% in 2050. The RPJMN 2015-19 was, inter alia, aimed at achieving energy sovereignty by utilizing domestically available energy resources (gas, coal and hydropower), as well as fulfilling energy demand by prioritizing the development of renewable energy (Section 2.2.2). The National General Energy Plan (Rencana Umum Energi Nasional, RUEN), consisting of a cross sectorial strategy and an implementation plan to achieve the 2014 KEN objectives, was issued in March 2017. The RUEN sets out the results of the energy demand-supply modelling until 2050, and the policies and strategies to be undertaken to achieve those targets. Under the RUEN, the Government seeks to re-emphasize energy use as a driver of the national economy. The RUEN's objectives include ensuring universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services; increasing the electrification ratio to 100% by 2020; construction of biogas infrastructure (preparing a roadmap to achieve biogas production of 47.4 million standard cubic feet per day by 2025 for the household sector); accelerating the substitution of oil fuel with gas in the household sector; and developing a city gas network for 4.7 million household connections by 2025. It also serves as a reference for central and local governments, SOEs and other stakeholders to contribute to improving national energy security and equitable access to energy. The RUEN, which is coordinated by the National Energy Council, is to be reviewed every five years, or whenever there are changes to the fundamentals of the KEN or strategic energy policies.
|
Keywords
|
|
|
Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/432/REV.1 |
S-4§110 |
Brazil |
2022 |
Sectors |
Other measures |
Energy |
Relevant information
|
4.110. Setting up thermoelectric plants with a capacity of more than 5 MW requires the National Agency for Electrical Energy (ANEEL) authorization; the same applies to hydroelectric plants with a capacity greater than 15 MW but equal to or lower than 50 MW. Hydroelectric projects with capacity greater than 50 MW require public provider concessions in order to trade part of their electricity via auctions. Authorizations for building and operating new thermoelectric generators and certain hydropower plants are granted for 30 years, non-renewable. A renewable period of 35 years is envisaged for new hydroelectric generators. Concessions for building hydropower plants with a capacity greater than 50 MW are granted for 35 years, non-renewable. Legislation in this area included the possibility of undertaking existing hydropower plants auctions as a means of collecting a bonus for the concession (a payment for the concession right).
|
Keywords
|
|
|