Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/395/REV.1 |
S-4§114 |
European Union |
2020 |
Sectors |
Other measures |
Fisheries |
Relevant information
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4.114. The EU continues to cooperate with international partners to fight illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing worldwide, pursuant to the EU regulation on IUU. During the review period, the EU signed an agreement on ocean partnerships with China (on 16 July 2018) and Canada (on 18 July 2019) for better international governance of the oceans, including the fight against IUU fisheries and the conservation and sustainable use of marine resources in the high seas. (...)
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Keywords
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Conservation
Fish
Sustainable
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/425/REV.1 |
S-4§113 |
Switzerland and Liechtenstein |
2022 |
Sectors |
Other price and market based measures |
Energy |
Relevant information
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4.113. Liechtenstein: As of 2005, independent power producers (IPPs) may sell electricity to any customer. The first IPPs started to enter the market in 2011. There are small-scale hydroelectric power producers besides Liechtensteinische Kraftwerke (LKW), and the contribution of independent solar power producers has been increasing.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/432/REV.1 |
S-4§113 |
Brazil |
2022 |
Sectors |
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Energy |
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4.113. Average electricity supply tariffs increased by 14.99% in 2018 and then rose progressively by 1.67% (2019), 3.25% (2020), and 8.23% (2021) to BRL 602.73 per MWh excluding taxes; these developments were broadly in line with the average inflation rate of 16.6% (IGPM) and 7.0% (IPCA) in the period 2017-21. These tariff developments, inter alia, were due to (...) rainfall scarcity directly impacting hydroelectricity offer, and recourse to generation from thermal plants). [166]
[166] EIU (2022), Industry Report – Energy – Brazil, 17 February: "Severe drought afflicted Brazil's hydropower-dependent economy in 2021. To address this, the state authorities permitted thermal power plants to operate for up to six months without power-purchase agreements (...)
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Keywords
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Energy
Natural disaster
Renewable
Water
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/432/REV.1 |
S-4§112 |
Brazil |
2022 |
Sectors |
Other price and market based measures |
Energy |
Relevant information
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4.112. Energy auctions organized by the Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) are the main procurement mechanism for distribution companies to acquire energy from generating companies. (...) the National Agency for Electrical Energy (ANEEL) approved the final result of the New Energy Auction A-5 from September 2021, whose investments attracted up to BRL 3.067 billion, enabling the operation of 40 plants with a combined capacity of 860,796 MW. The supply of electricity from this auction is scheduled for January 2026. The auction included electricity from new generation projects, including hydropower, wind, and solar photovoltaic sources, as well as biomass, natural gas, mineral coal, and urban solid waste treatment plants. (...)
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Keywords
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Bio
Energy
Renewable
Waste
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/433/REV.1 |
S-4§113 |
Seychelles |
2022 |
Sectors |
Other measures |
Services |
Relevant information
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4.113. (...) the Central Bank of Seychelles (CBS) has initiated discussions with relevant stakeholders in relation to its framework to regulate and supervise fintech firms wishing to engage in the provision of payment services locally as well as setting out its roadmap for development and implementation of green finance.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/434/REV.1 |
S-4§113 |
United States of America |
2022 |
Sectors |
Environmental provisions in trade agreements |
Fisheries |
Relevant information
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4.113. The USMCA [United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement] contains provisions on fisheries, marine conservation, and IUU fishing, including articles on IUU fishing, sustainable fisheries management, and conservation of marine species. As part of USMCA implementation, USD 8 million was allocated to NOAA to combat IUU fishing and enhance the implementation of the SIMP.
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Keywords
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Conservation
Fish
Sustainable
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/409/REV.1 |
S-4§113 |
Tonga |
2021 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Services |
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4.113. The main pieces of legislation on maritime shipping services remain the Shipping Act 1988 (last reviewed in 2016) and the Marine Pollution Prevention Act, as amended. (...)
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/414/REV.1 |
S-4§113 |
Korea, Republic of |
2021 |
Measures |
Investment measures, Other measures |
Manufacturing |
Relevant information
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4.113. State-owned financial institutions retain a major role in assisting Korea's industrial development. State intervention dominates the large venture capital market, which benefits mainly SMEs. Since 2005, the government-backed Korea Fund of Funds has invested in limited partnership funds (LPFs) and contributed to the formation of the private venture investment market. As of February 2021, its assets amounted to USD 6.4 billion (KRW 7.0 trillion) (KRW 2.23 trillion in 2015, KRW 1.36 trillion in 2011), were mostly financed by government funds, and had been invested in several areas (SMEs, cultural industries, (...) and environmental industries). (...).
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/397/REV.1 |
S-4§113 |
Japan |
2020 |
Sectors |
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Energy |
Relevant information
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4.113. The basic legislation on energy efficiency is the 1979 Act on the Rational Use of Energy (Energy Saving Act), last amended in 2013, which sets a non-binding target of a 1% per year improvement in energy efficiency, an objective met during the last five years by the majority of energy-intensive businesses. While this legislation did not change during the period under review, numerous initiatives were taken regarding energy efficiency, in the form of additional secondary regulation, notably regarding the setting of efficiency norms for the various sectors, including construction, voluntary actions by private actors and government, and private-sector research programmes, e.g. on AI, IoT, and big data applied to energy; smart grids; smart meters; optimal design of electrical appliances; and insulation and construction materials. It is also expected that the structural reforms of the gas and electricity market (see below) will have an effect on energy efficiency and, in particular, on the management of electricity peak demand.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/424/REV.1 |
S-4§112 |
Pakistan |
2022 |
Sectors |
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Energy |
Relevant information
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4.112. (...) Many power plants face problems in evacuation of electric power that could be generated. Under the Energy Purchase Agreements (EPAs), in the event of failure to offtake the available energy from renewable energy power plants, the plants are eligible for payments on account of Non Project Missed Volume. (...)
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