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Australia ratified both the Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement and the Convention on the Conservation and Management of High Seas Fishery Resources of the South Pacific Ocean in March 2012 (entry in force June 2012 and August 2012 respectively), and was in the process of ratifying the Food and Agriculture Organization Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing Agreement (signed on 27 April 2010) at end-2014. Other activities during the review period included participating in bilateral cooperation with Indonesia, and continued engagement with northern neighbours as part of the Regional Plan of Action to promote responsible fishing practices and combat IUU fishing in the Southeast Asian region.

Other agencies that are involved in international trade policy and trade relations include the Departments of Home Affairs; Agriculture and Water Resources; Industry, Innovation and Science; Infrastructure, Transport, Cities and Regional Development; the Environment and Energy; Communications and the Arts; Health; and the Treasury.

(…) In general, the decline in labour productivity seen since the early 2000s has been due to the lag between capital investment and the corresponding increase in output and the depletion of high-quality natural resources.

The Biosecurity Act, 2015 and the Biosecurity Regulation, 2016 mandate the Department of Agriculture to review existing trade and to undertake risk analysis in response to requests to import goods that have never been imported into Australia, or have not previously been imported from a particular country or region. The risk analysis may be conducted through a regulated process provided for in the legislation (Biosecurity Import Risk Analysis – BIRA) or through a non-regulated procedure (e.g. a scientific review of existing policy and import conditions, a pest-specific assessment, a weed risk assessment, or a biological control agent assessment). If the identified biosecurity risks exceed the appropriate level of protection (ALOP) for Australia, goods may not be imported unless the proposed risk management measures reduce the risks to an acceptable level. Australia's risk assessment method has been used since 2001, and includes a risk estimation matrix that follows international principles consistent with World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and International Plant Protection Convention risk management standards. Australia's ALOP is only considered achieved when the estimated risk is at or below "very low".

Table A3. 2 Subsidies notified under WTO provisions, 2011/12 and 2012/13
($A)
FEDERAL PROGRAMMES
Environment
- Clean Technology Investment Program (CTIP): Type of subsidy: Grants; Duration: 16 February 2012 to 30 June 2019
- Clean Technology Food and Foundries Investment Program (CTFFIP): Type of subsidy: Grants; Duration: 16 February 2012 to 30 June 2018
- Sustainable Rural Water Use and Infrastructure Program (SRWUIP)

Innovation
- Clean Technology Innovation Program: Type of subsidy: Grants; Duration: 6 July 2012 to 22 October 2013; 2011/12: n.a.; 2012/23: 2,200,000

Passenger motor vehicles
- Ford Australia Environmental Grant: Type of subsidy: Grants; Duration: 30 March 2012 to 31 May 2015; 2011/12: ..a; 2012/13: ..a
- Green Car Innovation Fund (GCIF); Type of subsidy: Grants; Duration: 2009/10 to January 2011; 2011/12: 125,000,000; 2012/13: 47,500,000

South Australia
- Business Sustainability Alliance – Energy Efficiency Program: Type of subsidy: Grants; Duration: Completed in June 2013
- Cleantech Partnering Program:Type of subsidy: Grants; Duration: Completed on 30 June 2013

Victoria
- Beyond Waste Fund: Type of subsidy: Grants; Duration: Was to conclude in September 2014; 2012/13: 649,398
- Driving Investment for New Recycling: Type of subsidy: Grants; Duration: Until June 2015; 2011/12: 262,820; 2012/13: 734,268

Australia is a party to numerous regional and bilateral treaties, conventions and agreements for the establishment of joint bodies, for the sustainable management of shared fish resources, and for the combat of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. These include the establishment of the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission, the South Pacific Forum Fisheries Agency, and the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission, the Convention for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna, the Convention on the Conservation and Management of High Seas Fishery Resources in the South Pacific Ocean, the Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement, the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, the Treaty on Fisheries between the Governments of Certain Pacific Island States and the Government of the United States of America (1988), and the Niue Treaty on Cooperation in Fisheries Surveillance and Law Enforcement in the South Pacific Region. Australia also concluded two Memoranda of Understanding, one with Indonesia regarding the operations of Indonesian traditional fishermen in the AFZ and the continental shelf, and the other with New Zealand regarding the conservation and management of orange roughy on the South Tasman Rise.

(…) Since 1 July 2012, summaries of AIP (Australian Industry Participation) Plans have been published on line to increase transparency. Companies receiving over $A 20 million from the Clean Energy Finance Corporation (section 4.3.2) may be required to prepare and report on an AIP Plan as an investment condition. (...)

Australia remains a strong supporter of the plurilateral Environmental Goods Agreement (EGA) negotiations (...)

State/territory land use controls apply to port development and their adjacent land areas, including road and rail access. Commonwealth port related activities include: environmental assessments on port developments; safety and security matters to detect and deter the unlawful movement of goods and people across the border; and implementing Australia's international maritime obligations as they relate to ports.

Table 4.3 Installed power-generating capacity, 2010-18
(GW)
Coal (...)
Natural gas (...)
Other fuels[a] (...)
Hydro[b] (...)
Wind (...)
Solar (...)

[a] Other fuels includes liquid fuels and refinery gas, liquid/gas and solid/liquid gas combined plants, and biofuels.
[b] Hydro includes pumped hydro storage capacity.