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The Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA)covers goods, services (including financial services), investment, government procurement, standards and technical regulations, competition-related matters, e-commerce, intellectual property rights, labour issues, and environmental matters

Australia continues to proactively negotiate plurilateral agreements under the auspices of, and alongside, the WTO. Australia is party to negotiations on the Trade in Services Agreement (TiSA), Information Technology Agreement (ITA), and the Environmental Goods Agreement (EGA).

Specific budgetary assistance to the mining sector was delivered through the National Low Emissions Coal Initiative, with minimal amounts channelled through the Renewable Energy Development Initiative

The Australian Government introduced the Biosecurity Bill in 2014 to replace the Quarantine Act 1908. The Biosecurity Bill simplifies Australia's biosecurity laws while maintaining the standard of protection for human, animal, plant life and the environment. The Australian Department of Agriculture provides further advice on the Biosecurity Bill 2014 at: http://www.agriculture.gov.au/biosecuritylegislation.

Australia's G20 energy agenda for 2014 included building the resilience of energy markets, strengthening global energy architecture, strengthening gas markets, and bolstering energy efficiency. The Group developed the G20 principles on Energy Collaboration and the G20 Energy Efficiency Action Plan. The G20 principles established a set of priorities for G20 collaboration on energy and lay the foundation for future work. The Energy Efficiency Action Plan documents six areas of practical energy efficiency work for ongoing collaboration among G20 members. In 2014, the G20 also held the inaugural G20-International Energy Forum Gas Market Dialogue.

Australia's 2013 annual Tax Expenditures Statement (TES) identifies 355 (337 in 2009) tax expenditures by the Commonwealth Government to benefit a specified activity or class of taxpayer: 108 pertain directly to business income, 25 to commodities (e.g. fuel, alcohol, beer, wine, and tobacco) and other goods (e.g. luxury cars) or broadcasting activities, 13 to natural resources, 29 to GST, and eight to the Carbon Pricing Mechanism (2012/13, 2013/14), which was repealed on 1 July 2014. These tax expenditures are available to domestic and foreign firms; according to the authorities very few tax expenditures relate directly to production and/or trade of goods and/or services. (…)

The transaction value method is used in nearly all cases. Instances where other methods are used typically involve situations where no previous sale occurred or the good is of a unique nature (e.g. endangered species or rare antique car).

Since January 2012, Australia's tariff classification system has been based on the HS2012 nomenclature. [9] (…)

[9] The fourth review amendments to the Harmonized System concentrate primarily on environmental and social issues that are of global concern. The 2012 Harmonized System revisions contain approximately 800 amendments to the Customs Tariff Act 1995 affecting 43 of the 98 chapters in the classification, through either note changes or classification changes or both. Extensive revisions affected Chapters 3, 9, 16, 27, 29, 61-62, and 96. Australian Customs and Border Protection Notice No. 2011/12, "2012 Harmonized System Changes". Viewed at: http://www.customs.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/ACNHS2012Final.pdf.

An increasing amount is being set aside for conservation or protection purposes. About 18% of Australia's land area is currently managed for conservation.[1] The land management policy includes a focus on flexible approaches to grazing management, to reduce erosion and increase productivity, diminishing the use of agricultural chemicals, and more optimal use of fertilizer. (...) In relation to climate change, Australia's primary industries reduced their greenhouse gas emissions by 63% between 1996 and 2016.

[1] National Farmers' Federation, Food, Fibre & Forestry Facts, 2017 edition. Viewed at: https://www.nff.org.au/farm-facts.html.

(…) The Fuel Tax Credits Scheme removes the incidence of excise and excise-equivalent customs duties from the costs of some fuels (including diesel) used in business activities, including specified activities in agriculture, fishing, and forestry (sections 3.4.2 and 4.3.2.3).