Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/324 |
S-IV§30 |
Southern African Customs Union (SACU): Botswana |
2015 |
Sectors |
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Mining |
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(...) The Mine and Minerals Act provides for security of tenure; a stable progressive fiscal regime that lessens the burden on marginal mines; clear licensing procedures; and environmental obligations that relate to international best practice.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/324 |
S-IV§29 |
Southern African Customs Union (SACU): Lesotho |
2015 |
Sectors |
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Mining |
Relevant information
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The Mine Safety Act 1981 provides for safety, health and environmental conditions in the mining industry. (...)
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-IV§39 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Mining |
Relevant information
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During the review period, Cambodia's mining policy remained unchanged. Its objectives are set under its 2011 policy on minerals aimed at promoting mineral resources development in partnership with the private sector. They, inter alia, involve: (...) supporting improved environmental protection; (...)
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-IV§41 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Sectors |
Export licences |
Mining |
Relevant information
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(...) Under Sub-decree No. 195 on the Management of Mine Products Exports of 22 September 2016, exports of minerals other than uranium and other radioactive mining that are prohibited, are subject to licensing upon examination of economic, social and environmental criteria such as the economic potential for their further domestic processing or their utilization as raw materials for the local construction industry, or being in excess of the local demand (Section 3.2.3); in the past, exports of unprocessed minerals were prohibited.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/362 |
S-IV§17 |
The West African Economic and Monetary Union |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Mining |
Relevant information
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All the member States have brought themselves into conformity with the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) , apart from Benin (which has no mining industry) and Guinea Bissau. This should help to improve the management of mining revenue and ensure that there is greater transparency in the awarding of contracts, and that mechanisms are put in place to manage mining income so that it benefits the population as a whole. Unfortunately, the management of small scale mining operations and, in particular, panning for gold lies outside the control of the EITI, despite the fact that exports of gold – mostly the product of non industrial mining – account for one fifth of the Union's total exports (Table 4.2), with disastrous human and environmental consequences. The community Mining Code was being revised in 2017 in order to take these concerns into account.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/362 |
S-IV§43 |
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2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Mining |
Relevant information
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The latest revision of the Constitution in 2015 affirmed that "natural resources belong to the people and must therefore be used to improve their living conditions, with due respect for sustainable development". On 26 June 2015, a new Mining Code was adopted with the aim of reviewing the distribution of mining income. The Code governs all operations relating to the exploration and exploitation of mineral deposits, as well to the treatment, transport, processing and marketing of mineral substances with the exclusion of water and liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. According to the authorities, the new legislation is aimed at reinforcing the measures for the protection of the mining environment, and improving mining's contribution to State revenue and the development of the local communities. The new Code maintains the same rights, incentives and obligations for domestic and foreign enterprises.
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Keywords
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Natural resources
Sustainable
Environment
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/362 |
S-IV§45 |
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2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Mining |
Relevant information
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It is estimated that over one million people work in small scale mining (as against only 6,000 in industrial mines). In view of the environmental problems created by small scale mining and the proliferation of clandestine sites and to reduce fraud, in November 2015 the Government set up the National Agency for the Supervision of Small Scale and Semi Mechanized Mining (ANEEMAS).
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/362 |
S-IV§53 |
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2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Mining |
Relevant information
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Burkina Faso has abundant natural phosphate deposits. Since the 1960s, work has been under way with a view to using the phosphates to remedy the phosphorus deficiency in the soils. The deposits at Kodjari, in particular, are said to contain 30 million tonnes of reserves. So far, however, there has not been any large scale production of phosphate from this site.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/362 |
S-IV§55 |
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2017 |
Sectors |
Risk assessment |
Mining |
Relevant information
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The Development Plan DENARP II (2011-2015) envisaged for 2012 the revision of the Mining and Petroleum Codes to bring them into line with community and international standards. In particular the revision was supposed to oblige operators to undertake environmental impact studies and improve the investment framework. To this end the Decree-Law of 1986 and the Law of 2000 governing the activities of the extractive industry were replaced in 2014 by a Mining and Minerals Code (Law No. 3/2014 of 29 April 2014), for which the implementing regulations have not yet been adopted. DENARP II also provided for Guinea-Bissau's joining the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative; this process is under way, but Guinea-Bissau is still not a member.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/362 |
S-IV§57 |
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2017 |
Sectors |
Risk assessment |
Mining |
Relevant information
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According to the World Bank, the exploitation of phosphates at Farim (deposits discovered in 1978) and bauxite at Boé could contribute more than 15% of GDP. The reserves of the five bauxite deposits identified at Boé are estimated at 110 million tonnes, with an alumina (AlO3) and silica (SiO2) content evaluated at 44% and 3.7%, respectively. Since 2007, Bauxite Angola has had an exploitation licence for these deposits; the Governments of Angola and Guinea-Bissau hold 20% and 10%, respectively, of the company's capital. After having updated the environmental and social impact study paving the way for exploitation operations, in 2016 Bauxite Angola was at the technical, economic and financial viability study phase. Bauxite Angola has announced investment of up to US$500 million, also covering rehabilitation of the necessary road network for exports and the first stages of construction of the deep-water port of Buba.
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