Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/384/REV.1 |
S-IV§45 |
East African Community (EAC): Tanzania |
2019 |
Sectors |
Other environmental requirements |
Forestry |
Relevant information
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In July 2016, the Prime Minister suspended harvesting and terminated permits on a number of state-owned forestry plantations. The reasons for this move was to conserve forests, improve the environment, and help re-establish and rejuvenate forests. In a related development, the Government has worked over the review period to establish a national campaign on re-forestation, in order to make forests more sustainable. As a result, trees cannot be felled unless they are replaced.
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Keywords
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Forest
Environment
Conservation
Sustainable
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/277/REV.1 |
S-IV§456 |
Argentina |
2013 |
Sectors |
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Mining |
Relevant information
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The legal framework for mining has not changed to any great degree since the previous Review of Argentina; it includes Law No. 24.585 of 1 November 1995 (environmental protection for mining activities).
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Keywords
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/304 |
S-IV§46 |
Mauritius |
2014 |
Sectors |
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Energy |
Relevant information
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The Long-Term Energy Strategy 2009-2025 emphasizes the development of renewable energy, reduction of Mauritius' dependence on imported fossil fuels, and the promotion of energy efficiency in line with the Government's priority to promote sustainable development as embodied in the MID vision. Actions are set out in the strategy in order to: achieve the Government's target of 35% self-sufficiency in terms of electricity supply through the use of renewable sources of energy; ensure security of energy supply by diversifying the energy base and creating stocks; and meet demand in a consistent manner, ensuring security and reliability of supply at affordable prices. The strategy, inter alia, sets out institutional and regulatory reforms (including the enactment of the Energy Efficiency Act and the creation of a Utility Regulatory Authority (see above)); electricity sector reforms (including to encourage private sector participation in generation); energy efficiency actions; mandatory energy audits for industry; demand-side management; construction of sustainable buildings; energy efficiency measures in the tourism sector; product labelling and efficiency standards; and measures to encourage renewable energy.
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Keywords
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Renewable
Energy
Sustainable
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/295/REV.1 |
S-IV§46 |
Oman |
2014 |
Trade Policy Framework |
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Relevant information
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Water rights are vested in the State. Royal Decree No. 83/88 declared water a national resource, authorizing the Government to take any necessary action to protect and conserve underground water and its development. At the national level the Ministry of Regional Municipalities, Environment and Water Resources (MRMEW) is responsible for groundwater and surface water management. At the local level, water rights are frequently based on aflaj systems where traditional and community-agreed rules on amounts and timings of water use prevail. Water consumed by households is subject to a price cap. About 85% of the rural population had access to clean water in 2011, up from 80% in 2005.
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Keywords
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Conservation
Environment
Clean
Water
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/358/REV.1 |
S-IV§46 |
Brazil |
2017 |
Sectors |
Investment measures |
Energy |
Relevant information
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Brazil's Ten-Year Plan for Energy Expansion 2024 (Plano Decenal de Expansão de Energia 2024) is focused on striking a balance between the economic growth projections and the necessary expansion of energy supply, as well as ensuring energy supply at the appropriate cost and on a technical and environmentally sustainable basis. It also, inter alia, aims at raising the share of renewable sources in the energy and electricity generation matrixes to 45.2% and 86% by 2024 respectively. To attain these objectives, a total investment of R$1.4 trillion is planned, of which 70.6% in oil and natural gas, 26.7% in electricity, and 2.6% in liquid biofuels. Furthermore, in November 2016, an Investment Partnership Programme set the priority areas for action in energy and mining. These priorities involved bidding rounds of blocks of oil and natural gas, electricity distribution concessions, hydropower plants concessions, and operation/management concessions for mining projects with assets owned by the Mineral Resources Research Company (CPRM). The National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES) would be in charge of the divestment in the electricity distribution service. These bidding rounds provide opportunities for both public and private (domestic and foreign) companies.
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Keywords
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Energy
Environment
Sustainable
Renewable
Bio
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/324 |
S-IV§46 |
Southern African Customs Union (SACU): Eswatini |
2015 |
Sectors |
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Energy |
Relevant information
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Swaziland is a net importer of energy. The sources through which the country meets its energy needs include electricity, petroleum products, coal and waste. The use of renewable energy is minimal. Firewood is the main source of energy used in rural households where it serves as heating and cooking fuel, while kerosene (paraffin) is mostly used in urban areas. In 2013, the electrification rate was 61% (77% in urban areas and 50% in rural areas).
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Keywords
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/329 |
S-IV§46 |
Morocco |
2015 |
Measures |
Tax concessions |
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Relevant information
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The following tax incentives are reserved for domestic sea-fishing; foreign vessels that land their catches are not eligible:
• hydrocarbons for fuelling sea-going vessels are exempt from VAT at importation, as are vessels used for sea-fishing; fishing gear and nets; salted cod's roe and bait intended for use by fishing boats; and aircraft for locating shoals of fish;
• Moroccan fishery products, fresh, frozen, whole or in pieces, are exempt from VAT (without right of deduction);
• fishing gear and nets for sea fishing professionals are subject to the reduced 10% rate of internal VAT, with right of deduction;
• the sale, repair and conversion of seagoing vessels are exempt from internal VAT, as are sales of products intended for incorporation in the vessels.
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Keywords
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/311/REV.1 |
S-IV§46 |
Pakistan |
2015 |
Sectors |
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Forestry |
Relevant information
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Forestry contributes around 0.44% to Pakistan's GDP, with production being mainly for fuel-wood. Less than 4% of land is covered with forests. Some 43,000 hectares of forest are cleared annually, which corresponds to the highest deforestation rate in Asia. Forest conservation and timber harvesting is regulated at the provincial level, while the Pakistan Forest Institute provides research and training services for the sustainable development of Pakistan's forestry sector at the federal level.
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Keywords
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Forest
Conservation
Sustainable
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/324 |
S-IV§46 |
Southern African Customs Union (SACU): Lesotho |
2015 |
Sectors |
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Energy |
Relevant information
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The energy produced by the MHP Station is complemented by two mini-hydro plants (Semonkong and Mantsonyane). To fill the energy deficit, which ranged between 41% and 51% during the period 2008-2013, power was imported from Mozambique (EDM) and South Africa (ESKOM) (Table 4.4). In 2013-2014, LEC bought 515.12 GWh of energy from the MHP Station and imported 285 GWh from Mozambique and South Africa.
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Keywords
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/362 |
S-IV§46 |
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2017 |
Sectors |
Ban/Prohibition, Other measures |
Forestry |
Relevant information
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(...) the export of unprocessed teakwood is prohibited. In addition, ONAB (the National Timber Board) conducts reforestation campaigns to provide 36,000 tonnes of firewood a year, but this does not meet annual demand, which is estimated at three million tonnes.
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Keywords
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