Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/359/REV.1 |
S-IV§45 |
Jamaica |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Energy |
Relevant information
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The renewable energy contribution to the total energy supply mix has increased in the last decade: from 5% in 2007 to 7.84% in 2016, [18] due to the addition of a number of renewable energy generation facilities to the system, namely: Wigton II (18 MW – wind) in 2010, JPS Constant Spring Hydro (0.8 MW – hydro) in 2009 (recommissioning), JPS Munro Wind Farm (3 MW – wind) in 2010, JPS Maggotty Hydro (6.37 MW – hydro) in 2014, Wigton III (24 MW – wind) in 2016, BMR (36 MW – wind) in 2016, and Cotent Village (20 MW – solar) in 2016. The Government introduced other initiatives to increase the share of renewable energy in the energy mix, such as the full roll-out of ethanol blended with gasoline in 2009. Jamaica has approximately 151.1 MW of renewable energy capacity from hydro, solar and wind power plants. In addition, a licence was given to Eight Rivers Energy Company in 2016 to supply up to 37 MW of electricity from a solar photovoltaic plant; it is planned to be commissioned in December 2018.
[18] The MSET stated that recently energy generated from renewable sources reached 10.5% of net electricity generation.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/373 |
S-IV§45 |
Norway |
2018 |
Sectors |
Ban/Prohibition, Tax concessions |
Energy |
Relevant information
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Government policies on a number of fronts have served to increase demand for biofuels. The Government has put forward a ban on the use of fossil oil for heating of buildings from 2020. The regulation has been through an ESA-notification process in accordance with the EEA agreement, and the regulation will now be officially adopted in domestic legislation. The ban covers the use of oil for both main heating (base load) and additional heating (peak load), in residential buildings, public buildings and commercial buildings. Biofuels are one of several alternative non-fossil sources of heating in buildings. Norway promotes the use of biofuels in transport through a biofuels quota obligation. From October 2015, biofuels sold above the quota obligation are not covered by the road usage tax. Exemption from tax on CO2 and road tax implies an incentive for biofuels of about NKr 2,000 per tonne CO2.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/368/REV.1 |
S-IV§45 |
Philippines |
2018 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Energy |
Relevant information
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Malampaya gas field is the main source of gas and condensate, producing 99% of the country's gas. (...) The gas from Malampaya already fuels three major power plants, and provides feedstock for compressed natural gas-powered buses.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/345/REV.1 |
S-IV§45 |
Russian Federation |
2016 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Forestry |
Relevant information
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However, the sector faces several problems, including weak infrastructure development, depletion of resources in traditional harvesting areas, and lack of capacity to use low-grade resources. Estimates suggest that harvested timber will not exceed 200-220 m3 in the short and medium term. The authorities stated that, in 2015, round wood exports were 19.4 million m3 (14.5 million tonnes), while harvested timber amounted to 205.2 million m3 (compared to an annual allowable cut (AAC) of 699.8 million m3).
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/346 |
S-IV§45 |
Korea, Republic of |
2016 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Agriculture |
Relevant information
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MAFRA (Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs) also announced in 2015 its second comprehensive plan to foster agriculture, food industry and science technology, with a focus on developing smart farms, creating high value added food products, responding to climate change, and commercializing agro-biological resources. In 2014, MAFRA planned to invest a total of US$893 million for R&D, up by 5.9% from 2013, to improve competitiveness and create a new future economic growth engine. To achieve these targets, MAFRA and the RDA continued to carry out: inter alia, the development of technology for the agro-biological resource industry, a golden seed project, genome research, and the development of new bio materials. MAFRA and the RDA are also financing a research project to obtain a stable supply of food grains with improved productivity and quality, and are developing biotechnology.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/349 |
S-IV§45 |
Solomon Islands |
2016 |
Sectors |
Tax concessions |
Energy |
Relevant information
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Electricity supplied by SIEA is not subject to the sales tax. Since 2010, imported solar equipment is exempted from import duty and goods tax, with a view to supporting clean energy development.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/312/REV.1 |
S-IV§45 |
Australia |
2015 |
Sectors |
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Services |
Relevant information
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In 2011/12, budgetary assistance for the electricity, gas, water and waste services industries, mainly in the form of transitional assistance under the industry-specific Energy Security Fund (92.8% of total assistance to the sector), peaked ($A 1.1 billion) and was the highest among all sectors. This assistance was a one-off and in 2012/13 budgetary assistance for this sector dropped markedly to just $A 129.6 million. (...)
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/312/REV.1 |
S-IV§45 |
Australia |
2015 |
Sectors |
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Energy |
Relevant information
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(…) The Renewable Energy Target (RET) scheme, consisting of the Large-scale Renewable Energy Target (LRET) and the Small-scale Renewable Energy Scheme (SRES) that is aimed at increasing renewable energy generation and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the electricity sector, remains in place. It is designed to deliver the equivalent of 20% of Australia's electricity from renewable sources by 2020, and will cease in 2030. As at 31 December 2013, there were 394 power stations accredited under the LRET with a combined capacity of approximately 18,600 megawatts. Under the SRES, there are over two million small-scale installations that have the capacity to generate or displace approximately 6,882 gigawatt hours of electricity annually. An independent review examined the operation and costs and benefits of the Renewable Energy (Electricity) Act 2000 and related legislation and regulations, and the RET scheme which is constituted by these instruments. The report was released on 28 August 2014.
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Emissions
Renewable
Energy
Green
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/315/REV.1 |
S-IV§45 |
Chile |
2015 |
Sectors |
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Fisheries |
Relevant information
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By carrying out technical studies, the Ministry of Defence determines the areas appropriate for aquaculture and grants aquaculture concessions, subject to an analysis by the Undersecretariat and the Environmental Assessment Service (SEA). The concessions grant the right to use specified national assets, for a period of 25 years renewable, to engage in aquaculture related activities. The rights under these concessions may be transferred, leased or conceded. Every year, the holders of aquaculture concessions and authorizations pay an aquaculture fee of 2 UTM per hectare, except in the case of aquaculture concessions or authorizations for exotic fish, when the fee is 20 UTM per hectare.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/332/REV.1 |
S-IV§45 |
Maldives |
2016 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Services |
Relevant information
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During the period under review, policy in the sector was governed by two masterplans. The objectives under the Third Tourism Master Plan (2007-2011) were to:(...) ensure environmental sustainability in the development and operation of all tourism products, and strive for global excellence in environmentally-responsible tourism (...) The Strategic Action Plan for Tourism under the Fourth Tourism Masterplan 2013-2017 aims at: (...) managing environment and conservation issues; (...)
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Environment
Sustainable
Conservation
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