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Gum arabic (of the acacia family) production began in Mauritania in the 15th century, and the country was once a major exporter. However, its importance for the country collapsed following the droughts of 1970 and 1980. Annual production is currently below 500 tonnes. The World Bank is working with the country to promote this crop, which helps to combat desertification thanks to its deep roots that retain water, as well as for its economic value. The Sahel and West Africa Programme (SAWAP), endowed with US$1.1 billion, is jointly implemented by the World Bank and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) to support the "Great Green Wall" initiative.

The action taken included:
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iii. increased controls and inspections by the Coastguard to protect the exclusive economic zone from the risk of illegal fishing (…)
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Mauritania has advantages for the development of renewable energy: a wind power potential of 7 9 m/second on average on the coast; and solar energy potential of 3.5–6 kWh/m²/d for eight hours each day. According to the authorities, an additional 280 megawatts of solar power were available in 2017.

(…) Mauritanian legislation also provides for a fiscal export duty on the following products: 10% on hides, skins and leather of HS Chapter 41; 15% on ferrous waste and scrap. (…)

Mauritania has no regulations concerning GMOs, although the authorities state that they are conforming with the directives of the Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS)

(…) the Mauritanian economy is highly vulnerable to (…) the increasingly obvious effects of climate change.

A multitude of plans, projects and programmes to develop agricultural and livestock production have been drawn up over the past decade, in particular with Mauritania's development partners, including in connection with the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP):
• the National Agricultural Development Plan 2015 2025 was prepared in 2013 together with the FAO with the aim of developing agriculture that is "(...) sustainable (...), by developing highly productive crop farming";
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In order to attain these objectives, the Government's efforts are focused on implementing the priority programmes and reforms set out in the National Responsible Management Strategy for the sustainable development of fisheries and the maritime economy 2015 2019.

Mauritania has undertaken to implement the international regulations against illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing , which came into force on 1 January 2010. Under these regulations, vessels must be registered, be in possession of a fishing licence, and each trip out to sea has to be declared. Products exported by processors or shipowners (approved by the sanitary authorities) must be traceable.

In its Title III, the Investment Code provides for the possibility of concluding establishment agreements for substantial investment in the following areas:
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• generation of renewable – wind and solar – energy (500 million ouguiyas (US$1.4 million), 50 direct jobs, at least 100 indirect jobs;
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