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1.23. 2012 saw the official launch of Gabon's strategic development plan, Gabon Émergent (Emerging Gabon). The plan sets out the development ambitions for transforming Gabon into an emerging economy by 2025. In view of the depletion of the country's mining and oil resources, the strategic plan aims to diversify the country's production base while promoting sustainable development. The pillars of the strategy are the development of agricultural resources, industrial activities and services.

Switzerland is committed to institutional reforms that will help to achieve more effective implementation and, if needed, further development of existing international environment -related regulations and processes. It has ratified the major multilateral  environmental agreements. These concern the climate , biological diversity and chemicals. With regard to the latter, Switzerland welcomes the amalgamation of the Secretariats of the Basel , Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions. It is working towards the conclusion of a binding agreement on mercury. In relation to climate , it is in favour of setting legally binding objectives for the reduction of green house gases for all industrialized countries, but also for emerging countries that are large emitters depending on their capacities. It is ready to agree to a second period of commitments under the Kyoto Protocol from 2013 onwards. Switzerland and the EU are negotiating on setting up a network for their emission quota trading systems. The central element of Switzerland's climate policy is the law on CO2, which was revised in 2011, inter alia, with a view to the post-Kyoto period (see Section 1.3.1.6 above). Since July 2008, Switzerland has exempted biofuels that have a positive ecological and social impact from the tax on mineral oils. In relation to the Convention on BiologicalDiversity (CBD), Switzerland supports the implementation of the 2011-2020 global strategic plan. It calls for clarification of financial needs in relation to the CBD. Switzerland would like see synergies deepened and more cooperation among the various biodiversity -related conventions. It intends to make efforts to ensure that the Global Environment Facility (GEF) is given the resources needed in relation to biodiversity and is made more effective. Switzerland supports the study entitled The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity(TEEB), which proposes a framework for taking into account the value of biodiversity and ecosystemic services. It adopted a national biodiversity strategy in April 2012 and will draw up an action plan up to mid-2014 to give effect to the ten objectives in this strategy.

Finally, it should be noted that Paraguay was an active participant in the discussions leading up to the Paris Agreement on Climate Change (COP21) and hopes it will be fully implemented by the international community.

Investments that may adversely affect security, health, or the environment require approval from the competent authorities, such as the National Environmental Management Authority, and the Public Health Authorities, before approvals are granted

(...) According to the Bolivian authorities, the foreign enterprises directly affected by the policy of nationalization and recovery of natural resources received fair, expeditious and adequate indemnification from Bolivia.

Guinea's regime for enterprises developing natural resources requests that the cost of intermediate consumption of Guinean origin exceeds 50% of total costs, while the Ministry responsible for industry examines the admissibility of the application and carries out feasibility studies, including environmental feasibility studies

Export control measures on products of high energy consumption or high emission and products of exhaustible natural resources have been adopted concurrently with measures restraining production and consumption of certain products at home

Table 2.1 Institutions involved in trade policy
Ministries Main functions
(...)
Environment and Natural Resources • Formulate and conduct national policy on natural resources;
• establish official regulations on the sustainable use of natural resources;
• propose the formulation of policies on international affairs and foreign trade;
• together with the SHCP, help set the general criteria for establishing fiscal and financial incentives;
• propose to the SE the adoption of regulations or restrictions on imports or exports of natural resources.
(...)

Incentives are also available for specific sectors, namely fiscal benefits (tariff reductions, issue of vouchers for payment of national taxes, and fiscal stability arrangements) and/or non repayable contributions (ANR) to promote investment, production, innovation and competitiveness in specific sectors. The sectors that have benefited include agriculture and forestry; capital goods, information technology and telecommunications ; the automotive, motorcycle and parts industry ; the petroleum, gas and biofuels industry ; mining ; shipbuilding ; biotechnology and tourism (Chapter IV).

The EU has been persistently supporting the liberalization of trade in environmental goods and services within the DDA negotiations.