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(...) A range of initiatives and measures have continued to improve fisheries' management and thus the sustainability of fish stocks for the long-term viability of the sector.

(…) Budgetary assistance for the electricity, gas, water and waste services industry was the highest among all sectors. (…)

As Australia's frontline border law enforcement agency, the ABF assists in the implementation of various pieces of legislation that prohibit outright the importation of certain goods, restrict certain imports, and subject importation to the fulfilment of specific conditions. On its website, the ABF identifies approximately 60 instances of "prohibited" imports (Table 3.7). Many of these restrictions or conditional measures reflect concerns related to public health and safety, measures affecting the domestic production and marketing of identical, similar or like goods, or stem from Australia's participation in international agreements and arrangements to regulate trade in particular products, such as chemical weapons, radioactive and nuclear materials, hazardous waste, ozone-depleting substances and synthetic greenhouse gases, cultural heritage goods, or the cross-border movement of endangered animals and plant species (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species - CITES ). The conditions applicable to CITES-related imports are distinct from biosafety and quarantine regulations enforced as sanitary and phytosanitary measures (...).

The Code (the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code) also regulates food derived from Genetically Modified (GM) plants, animals or micro-organisms, as well as the labelling of GM foods. Imported foods using biotechnology may be sold in Australia only after assessment and approval by FSANZ (Food Standards Australia New Zealand). As at 1 July 2014, FSANZ had completed assessments of 63 (45 in November 2010) commodities produced from gene technology. A further four were withdrawn by the applicants before FSANZ completed the assessment process; by July 2014 it was assessing the safety of food from one GM commodity. FSANZ has also assessed and approved numerous enzymes sourced from GM micro-organisms. Imports of live and viable genetically modified organisms (GMOs) require authorization under the Gene Technology Act 2000, which regulates particular dealings with GMOs in addition to permissions for use in food. All dealings involving release (DIR) of a GMO into the environment must be licensed by the Gene Technology Regulator, an independent statutory office holder, unless otherwise authorized under the Act. All licence applications are subject to case by case scientific risk assessment and risk management. As at 30 June 2014, seventeen accredited organizations held the 54 DIR licences in force, of which 9 were for commercial release of GMOs (cotton, canola and a vaccine), three for vaccine trials, and 42 for limited and controlled trials of GM crop varieties.

Table 3.6 Excise rates, 2011 and 2014 ($A)
Commodity: Biodiesel
Rates applying from 1 February 2011: 0.38143a
Current rates February 2014: 0.38143
(…)

At the Commonwealth level, three separate institutions are entrusted with the formulation of policy and international negotiations, fisheries management and fisheries research, based on the Fisheries Management Act, 1991, the Fisheries Administration Act, 1991, and related regulations. The Department of Agriculture is responsible for the setting of regulatory policies for fishing in Commonwealth waters, operationalized by the Australian Fisheries Management Authority (AFMA), a statutory authority governed by an independent Commission. Further, around 80% of fisheries are assessed under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act, 1999, which promotes the ecologically sustainable management of fisheries and provides for the assessment of environmental performance.

(...) Concessional loans are available under the Clean Energy Finance Corporation, the Export Finance and Insurance Commission, the Farm Finance Concessional Loan Scheme, the Drought Concessional Loan Scheme and the Infrastructure Growth Package programmes (sections 1.2.1, 3.3.5, 4.2.2.2. 4.3.2 and 4.5.7). (...)

Australia played an active role during the review period on the plurilateral Environmental Goods Agreement (EGA), including as Chair of those negotiations. The EGA’s aim was to eliminate WTO bound tariffs on an extensive list of environmental goods. Australia views the EGA as important in promoting the trade, uptake and production of goods and new technologies that help address environmental objectives, including climate change. The EGA has not been finalized and the last negotiations took place in November-December 2016.

(…) Used vehicles remain subject to a high/prohibitive compound tariff rate (whose AVE is as much as 215.4%) and Vehicle Import Approval requirements (section 3.2.2.2.1, Table A3.1). [144] (….)

[144] According to the Australian Parliament Hansard records, the rarely applied non-ad valorem component of the duty on imported used cars, introduced in 1991 as an industry protection measure, has benefits for environmental, safety and even consumer concerns. They also mentioned that Australia's balanced approach to used-vehicle imports is less restrictive than economies that prohibit imports of used cars.

Table 3.11 Exports subject to licensing or other restrictions, 2019
Item: Endangered animal and plant species
Justification: International commitment (CITES)
Measure: CITES-listed species generally require an export permit issued by the Department of the Environment and Energy. Further regulations or restrictions, administered by the Department for Agriculture, apply to exports of live animals and plants.