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(...) A foreign boat is not permitted to enter an Australian port unless it is authorized by a port permit granted by AFMA (Australian Fisheries Management Authority). A person must not land fish at an Australian port from a foreign boat unless the Minister responsible for fishing has expressly authorized that person to do so. A foreign-flagged vessel may be declared an Australian vessel for the purposes of the Fisheries Management Act 1991 on application to AFMA, provided that it meets certain criteria. Access for foreign fishing fleets to Australia's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) (200 nautical miles) is provided through three agreements. According to a 2013 OECD report, the evolution in the domestic fleet means that no future access for foreign vessels to the Australian EEZ is likely to be granted as Australia no longer has excess fish stocks.

(…) domestic producers of ethanol, biodiesel and renewable diesel used in transport also continued to receive a government subsidy, although subsidies for ethanol and biodiesel are to be gradually repealed.

(…) Export controls on wood and woodchips are for the purpose of protecting environmental and heritage values. (…)

(…) The Fuel Tax Credits Scheme remains in place to reduce or remove the incidence of excise and excise equivalent customs duty, and covers liquid, gaseous and blended fuels for business use including for: all off-road business activities, including for electricity generation and aviation fuel, prior to the repeal of the carbon tax in July 2014, where the business was in the Opt-In Scheme. [114] (...)

[114] The Opt-in Scheme under the Clean Energy Act 2011 allowed liable entities and large users of liquid petroleum fuels (e.g. diesel, petrol, aviation fuel) to take on an emissions liability for that fuel under the carbon pricing mechanism rather than paying the equivalent carbon price "indirectly" through the fuel tax or excise systems (Clean Energy Regulator online information. Viewed at: http://www.cleanenergyregulator.gov.au/Carbon-Pricing-Mechanism/About-the-Mechanism/liquid-fuel-opt-in-scheme/Pages/default.aspx; and Energetcis online information. Viewed at: http://www.energetics.com.au/insights/latest-news/climate-change-matters/opt-in-scheme-for-liquid-fuels-regulations-finalis).

Although automotive manufacturing remains heavily, albeit less, assisted, this assistance has not secured the future of motor vehicle production as demonstrated by planned plant closures. In 2012/13, motor vehicles and parts accounted for $A 461.8 million ($A 629.4 million (2011/12), $ A 726.5 million (2009/10)) of budgetary assistance or 28.7% of the amount transferred to manufacturing. It was mainly delivered through the industry-specific components of the New Car Plan for a Greener Future (i.e. the Automotive Transformation Scheme, the Green Car Innovation Fund), and general export support from Tradex. (...) Since November 2008, the $A 5.8 billion New Car Plan for a Greener Future has assisted the industry to prepare for a low-carbon future and to further orientate itself to global markets and supply chains. During the review period, the plan consisted of: $A 1.6 billion in capped, and approximately $A 348 million in uncapped, assistance under the Automotive Transformation Scheme (ATS) from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2017 (previously scheduled until 2020/21) as a consequence of the decision by the domestic car makers to cease manufacturing by that date ; a $A 500 million Green Car Innovation Fund (GCIF) which was closed to new applications on 27 January 2011 [152]; (...) Although the production support provided by the ATS raised WTO-consistency concerns domestically in the past; the authorities consider that all programmes under the scheme A New Car Plan for a Greener Future are WTO compliant.

[152] The GCIF plan to produce more fuel-efficient cars was closed to new applications after two years of operation as part of Budget saving's measures required, inter alia, to help pay for the rebuilding of infrastructure damaged by the floods in Queensland and Victoria; it used just 38% of its budget. Before that decision, however, (...) Ford was awarded $A 42 million for its EcoBoost engine project.

Australia's latest annual Tax Expenditures Statement identifies 337 (about 270 in 2005) tax expenditures provided in 2009 by the Commonwealth Government to benefit a specified activity or class of taxpayer: including 4 to natural resources and 5 (as from 1 July 2011) to the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme, whose introduction was deferred until after the end of the current Kyoto Period in 2012 and when certain international conditions are met, while tax expenditures for fuel and energy are to decline progressively as a result of the phasing-in of an excise on alternative fuels from 1 July 2011 and the abolition of the exemption from crude oil excise of condensate as of 13 May 2008

(...) A generally strict quarantine and inspection regime remains in place, while biosecurity reform has proceeded. (...)

Table 3.4 Prohibited and restricted imports, 2014
- Goods: Cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises)
- Reason: Environmental conservation
- Policy agency/permit-issuing agency: Department of the Environment

- Goods: Endangered animal and plant species
- Reason: International commitment (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES))
- Policy agency/permit-issuing agency: Department of the Environment

- Goods: Fish/toothfish
- Reason: Environmental conservation
- Policy agency/permit-issuing agency: Australian Fisheries Management Authority

- Goods: Hazardous waste
- Reason: International commitments (Basel Convention, OECD Council Decision C(92)39)
- Policy agency/permit-issuing agency: Department of the Environment

- Goods: Hydroflurocarbons (HFCs)
- Reason: Environmental conservation
- Policy agency/permit-issuing agency: Department of the Environment

- Goods: Incandescent lamps
- Reason: Energy saving
- Policy agency/permit-issuing agency: Department of Industry

- Goods: Ozone-depleting substances/synthetic greenhouse gases
- Reason: Environmental conservation/international commitment (Ozone Protection and Synthetic Greenhouse Gas Management Act 1989)
- Policy agency/permit-issuing agency: Department of the Environment

- Goods: Pesticides and other hazardous chemicals
- Reason: Public health or safety concerns
- Policy agency/permit-issuing agency: Department of Agriculture

- Goods: Polychlorinated biphenyls, terphenyls, and polyphenyls
- Reason: International commitments – Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions
- Policy agency/permit-issuing agency: Department of Environment

- Goods: Radioactive substances
- Reason: Community protection/international commitments
- Policy agency/permit-issuing agency: Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency

Over the review period the key focus of the Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development has involved implementation of the former Government's National Aviation Policy White Paper (released in 2009 ) and implementation of the Coalition's Policy for Aviation (released in 2013 ). The latter incorporates various measures designed to support the growth of the aviation industry, including: abolition of the carbon tax (sections 1.4.1, 3.4.1.2, and 4.3), (...)

Australia encourages foreign investment not contrary with its national interest. To ensure that national interests are protected, Australia continues to apply a screening process under the framework of the Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975 and the 2013 Foreign Investment Policy. The concept of "national interest" is not defined under the Act or Policy and is interpreted on a case-by-case basis, inter alia, taking into account a range of factors, typically including: national security; competition; the impact on other Government policies (including taxation); the impact on the economy and the community; and, the character of the investor.[44] (...)

[44] Greater detail on how these factors are taken in account is set out in the Foreign Investment Policy. Viewed at: http://www.firb.gov.au/content/policy.asp?NavID=1. This Policy (Annex 2) also contains the Government's policy statement on foreign investment in agriculture and the national interest considerations taken into account in this specific sector, namely: the quality and availability of Australia's agricultural resources, including water; land access and use; agricultural production and productivity; Australia's capacity to remain a reliable supplier of agricultural production, both to the Australian community and its trading partners; biodiversity; and employment and prosperity in Australia's local and regional communities.