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In June 2014, the President established a task force to develop recommendations to enhance coordination and implement a comprehensive framework to combat IUU fishing and seafood fraud. The task force provided an action plan to implement 15 recommendations on 15 March 2015. [51] Two of the recommendations address the establishment of a risk-based programme to track domestic and imported seafood from point of harvest or production to entry into U.S. commerce. In February 2016, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA Fisheries) published a proposed rule for public comment, and expected to publish a final rule in September 2016. The proposed rule would establish reporting requirements (through ACE) for imports of a set of priority species, applicable to U.S. importers. The proposed rule focuses on imports because, for the priority species selected for the programme's initial phase, equivalent information for domestic products is already being collected through existing programmes. The importer will need to keep records regarding the product's chain of custody to point of entry into U.S. commerce and make those records available to NOAA Fisheries upon request. The rule does not institute new labelling requirements.

[51] Presidential Initiative on Combating Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing and Seafood Fraud. Report viewed at: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/ia/iuu/noaa_taskforce_report_final.pdf.

(...) Regulations deemed economically significant by OIRA (Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs) or by the agency itself must be accompanied by a more detailed regulatory impact analysis, including in-depth cost benefit analysis of alternative regulatory approaches. [109] (...)

[109] Executive Order 12866 defines economically significant regulatory action as any regulatory action likely to result in a rule that may "have an annual effect on the economy of US$100 million or more or adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or communities." Federal Register online information. Viewed at: http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/executive-orders/pdf/12866.pdf.

The Lacey Act, which combats trafficking in wildlife, fish and plants, was expanded to a broader range of plants and plant products in 2008. Lacey Act declarations (PPQ Form 505), which are mandatory for certain plants and plant products , have been required to be filed in the Automated Commercial Environment (ACE) since 31 March 2016. However, as of June 2016 many importers did not appear ready for the full range of data to be submitted to APHIS through the new "single window" approach before the end of the year.

EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) responsibilities cover, inter alia, the registration of pesticides, including herbicides and fungicides, and the establishment of tolerances (maximum residue limits – MRLs) for pesticides in food. EPA uses risk assessment to establish tolerances for each crop use of a pesticide. The list of tolerances (and exemptions) is revised annually in the Code of Federal Regulations (Chapter 40, Part 180) and daily in the electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR). As of August 2016, EPA had established approximately 277 new tolerances (permanent and temporary) since the last TPR in 2014. The tolerances are enforced by USDA for meat, poultry and certain egg products, and by the FDA for other foods.

Table 3.10 Items subject to export restrictions, controls, licensing, or certification
Product category Responsible agency Legal reference
Fish and wildlife, including endangered species Department of the Interior 50 CFR Part 14
(...)
Note: The programmes administered by the Department of Agriculture pertain to programmes applicable to domestic producers, exporters, and importers in the areas of food safety, organic certification, and marketing orders.

The President's Export Council (PEC) brings together representatives of the private sector, Congress, the United States Conference of Mayors, the National Governor's Association, and officials from the Administration. The PEC presents advice and recommendations to the President (in the form of letters) on matters relating to export trade. The PEC has forwarded a total of 59 letters to the President since September 2010. At its meeting in December 2015, the Council adopted a letter outlining priorities for action in 2016. Among its recommendations, the PEC recommended the President's Administration: (...) advance the negotiations for a Trade in Services Agreement and, in the WTO, an Environmental Goods Agreement; (...)

The U.S. Trade and Development Agency (USTDA) focuses on the use of U.S. goods, services, and technology in infrastructure development projects in emerging economies. USTDA sponsors activities such as feasibility studies, pilot projects, technical assistance at a project's early stages, as well as reverse trade missions, workshops/conferences and training. The activities enable the Agency's partners to approach financial institutions to fund their priority projects. The USTDA supports projects related, inter alia, to the Power Africa initiative to increase electricity access in sub-Saharan Africa, the Climate Action Plan to reduce harmful carbon emissions, and value based investments in infrastructure such as energy generation, transportation, and telecommunications. (...)

OPIC (Overseas Private Investment Corporation) is authorized to offer its services in more than 160 developing and post-conflict countries. OPIC requires its clients to be U.S. citizens, permanent residents, or U.S. companies, otherwise the projects must show a "meaningful involvement" of the U.S. private sector, defined as a minimum 25% stake in the project or in the project company. OPIC activities, including insurance, are not limited to particular sectors. However, OPIC is prohibited from supporting certain categories of projects, such as those having adverse environmental or social effects in the country of operation or possible negative effects on the U.S. economy and employment. (...)

In the aftermath of the 2008economic crisis, the U.S. government took unprecedented action to restore demand, stabilize financial markets, and put people back to work. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) was enacted in February 2009. The estimated cost of ARRA amounted to US$831 billion over its lifetime, i.e. fiscal years 2009-19. ARRA included a variety of measures such as (...) renewable energy R&D; (...)

(...) Outside of agriculture, federal-level subsidies are overwhelmingly directed towards the energy sector (Table 3.15). In addition, a number of energy related support measures are implemented at the sub-federal level, particularly in relation to renewable energy (Table A3.4).