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A number of government agencies have responsibilities for different aspects of policy, legislation, and regulation of the minerals, energy, and hydrocarbons sub-sectors:
• The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment is responsible for drafting and implementing government policy and legal regulation in the field of exploration, use, reproduction and protection of natural resources, including mineral resources:
o The Federal Agency for Mineral Resources has functions which include organizing the rational use of minerals and raw materials, geological studies and related data on the territory and continental shelf of the Russian Federation, granting licences for subsoil use and supervising compliance with these licences;
o The Federal Agency for Supervision of Natural Resources is responsible for, inter alia, compliance with environmental regulations;
• The Ministry of Energy is responsible for drafting and implementing government policy and legal regulation in areas including the electric power industry, oil production, oil processing, gas, fuel, peat and shale industries, major oil and gas pipelines, oil and gas products, renewable energy sources, development of hydrocarbon fields on the basis of production-sharing agreements, and the petrochemical industry;
• Having taken over the functions of the Federal Tariff Service in 2015, the Federal Antimonopoly Service (FAS) regulates natural monopolies and its responsibilities include setting tariffs for electricity, natural gas, and pipeline transportation (section 3.3.4);
• The Federal Service for Environmental, Technological, and Nuclear Supervision is responsible for drafting and implementing government policy and legal regulations relating to nuclear energy, as well as overseeing the safety of hydro-engineering structures, and the safe production, storage and use of industrial explosives.

Table 4.22 Energy production, 2014
Amounts in 2014 % of world
Hydro production 183 TWh 4.7
Nuclear electricity 173 TWh 7.0

(...) the Russian Federation has established the necessary production base for transition to fuels of environmental class K5, with capacity sufficient to meet domestic demand.

(...) In May 2015, the Ministry of Economic Development announced delays to commissioning new nuclear power plants due to "a current energy surplus". In July 2012, the Ministry of Energy announced plans concerning commissioning of 83 GW of new electricity generation capacity by 2020, including 10 GW of nuclear generation. In 2013 this was revised by the Ministry to 28.26 GW by 2019. Total investment envisaged was Rub 8,230 billion (Rub 4,950 billion on upgrading power plants and Rub 3,280 billion for new grid capacity plus Rub 1,320 billion on nuclear).

The main policy document is the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030. It sets out several objectives, including :
(...)
• reducing the negative impacts of the transport system on the environment.

The key instrument for the implementation of the Transport Strategy is the State Programme of the Russian Federation "On the development of the transport system", which includes the tasks of :
(...)
• improvement of integrated security and sustainability of the transport system.

(...) Korea participated in the WTO Information Technology Agreement (ITA) expansion negotiations and has been actively engaging in the negotiations for the Environmental Goods Agreement (EGA).

Efforts were made to lower existing entry barriers such as location and environment-related regulations so as to facilitate the easy and swift establishment of start-ups. The Government is also addressing areas where a lack of appropriate guidelines results in delays in product launches, another challenge for foreign investors.

In August 2015, the Government enacted the Fishery Resources Management Act to systemize protection measures in order to manage fishery resources more efficiently. Korea is also extending efforts to restore the coastal ecosystem and create spawning grounds and habitats by building marine ranches, marine forests and artificial fishing banks.

In response to the global movement toward reducing greenhouse gas emissions and saving energy, Korea launched the 2nd National Energy Master Plan in January 2014. The plan supports a fundamental policy paradigm shift from supply-led energy provision driven by the Government to demand-centered management that can attract efficient investment from the private sector.