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Table A4. 5 List of compulsory types of insurance
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11) civil liability insurance of a nuclear plant operator for the nuclear harm which can be caused due to a nuclear incident;
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13) insurance of civil liability of the managing subjects for the harm which can be caused by fires and accidents at high-risk facilities, including fire objects and objects, managing activity on which can cause environmental, sanitary and epidemiological character;
14) liability insurance of investors, including for the harm inflicted on an environment, health of people, production distribution agreement, unless otherwise provided by the agreement;
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19) insurance of liability for exporters and persons responsible for disposal (surgical removal) of hazardous wastes, for damages which can be caused to human health, property and the environment during the transboundary transportation and recycling (surgical removal) of hazardous waste;
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24) dangerous cargo transporter liability insurance against occurrence of negative consequences while transporting hazardous cargo;
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35) insurance of public liability of the managing subjects for the harm which can be caused to the environment or health of people during storage and application of pesticides and agrochemicals;
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Forest resources in Malawi cover an estimated 27% of the 9.4 million hectares of land. About 11% of this area is in National Parks and Wildlife Reserves, 10% is in Forest Reserves and 7% is on customary land. Plantation forests constitute about 1% of the total land area under forest cover.

Forestry remains the main source of energy. Biomass satisfies about 83.4% of household energy demand with electricity providing the remaining 16.6%. This, therefore, leaves the country reliant on wood fuels. Thus, there is need to diversify sources of energy so as to reduce pressure on the need for firewood in future.

The country, however, continues to suffer from forest degradation largely because of poverty, population growth, agricultural expansion, infrastructure development and overdependence on wood fuel for energy. Over 93% of the population depends on biomass energy for heating and lighting. It is estimated that forest resources are declining at a very alarming rate of 2.6% per annum mainly due to deforestation.

The Department of Forestry has embarked on various afforestation, forestry conservation and management programmes with all relevant stakeholders towards enhancing sustainable forestry sector development in the country, including deployment of security in protected areas, intensifying annual afforestation campaigns, community-based forest management services.

The MGDS identifies the mining sector as one of the sectors that could potentially generate economic growth for the country. Mines and Minerals Policy (2013) is a logical extension of the MGDS. The country has abundant mineral resources that can be sustainably exploited to contribute to the Government’s vision of transforming the country from a predominantly importing and consuming nation into one that is predominantly producing and exporting. It is the Government’s conviction that if the country’s mineral resources are fully exploited, the contribution of mining will improve from the current 10% to 20% within the next 10 years.

As highlighted in the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy (MGDS), tourism in Malawi has the potential for growth to provide income, foreign exchange earnings and employment. To contribute to economic development, the Government is aiming at establishing Malawi as a principal and leading eco-tourism destination in Africa and also to increase domestic tourism.

In an effort to address the challenges, the Government developed a Strategic Plan that will guide the development of the sector in the next five years (2016-2020). Implementation of the National Tourism Policy which provides an overall guide on how the sector should be developed including: improving transportation links to tourism destinations; increasing attractiveness of national parks for tourism and eco-tourism; and improving tourism marketing regionally and internationally. It recognizes that tourism is a cross-cutting sector touching on areas of transport, health and safety, environment, and telecommunication among others. The policy, therefore, recognizes this multilayer network of stakeholders and outlines the areas in which they can support the sustainable development and promotion of tourism.

Malawi is endowed with several forms of energy resources, which include: biomass, coal, many perennial rivers for hydropower generation, high solar radiation, wind energy for water pumping and other minor applications, hot springs for geothermal power generation, and uranium deposits.

In an effort to meet the projected demand in the country, the Government undertook hydropower plant feasibility studies at Chasombo and Chizuma in the 2012-13 financial year. Furthermore, the Government is undertaking hydropower feasibility studies at Lower Fufu, Kholombidzo, Cimgonda and Mpatamanga sites. The studies are underway and the preliminary results show that it is both feasible and economically viable to generate hydropower from these sites. In addition to this, Kapichira Phase II was commissioned in December, 2013, adding 64MW to the national grid. Furthermore, plans are at an advanced stage to interconnect the power system in Malawi to that of the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) Grid to allow Malawi to participate in power trade in the region.