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Lack of water is the biggest constraint to production in Saudi Arabia. In 2009, agriculture accounted for about 15 billion m3 of the total water consumption of 18 billion m3 per year in Saudi Arabia. Water for agriculture is mostly from ground wells tapping aquifers, as well as dams to collect runoff, and recycled wastewater which is distributed through of irrigation canals. Under the Ninth Development Plan (2010-2014), water for agricultural purposes was to be reduced by 3.7% annually, dam storage capacity was to increase by 85% to 2.5 billion m3, and greater use was to be made of treated wastewater.

According to the authorities, there have been no major changes in the policy objectives set for the energy sector; Saudi Arabia continues diversifying the energy sources for domestic use from oil and petroleum towards gas and other renewable energies.

(...) Prices of natural gas supplied to domestic users are regulated at 281 halalas/mmbtu ; the authorities note that the regulated price for natural gas is based on a combination of commercial reasons and environmental (flaring) concerns.

Saudi Arabia continues to promote the use of renewable energy for the electricity and desalination industries. For example, the ATLAS programme for monitoring and mapping renewable sources to enable potential users to quantify potential resources in specific locations; the ECRA has made regulatory provisions for the integration of electricity from renewable sources into the national system; and the King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy (KACARE) aims to generate 9.5 GW from renewable energy by 2023.

Table A2.1 Main trade-related legislation at end-2015
Issue
Trade and environment - General Environment Regulations and Rules for Implementation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
(...)

Table A2.2 Dispute settlement cases with Saudi Arabia as a third party
Case description WTO document series
Canada — Certain Measures Affecting the Renewable Energy Generation Sector WT/DS412
(...)
Moldova — Measures Affecting the Importation and Internal Sale of Goods (Environmental Charge) WT/DS421
(...)
India — Certain Measures Relating to Solar Cells and Solar Modules WT/DS456
(...)
European Union — Anti-Dumping Measures on Biodiesel from Argentina WT/DS473
(...)

(...) As of today there are huge investment projects in energy transmission system and a lot of new opportunities in renewables sector.

In 2015, Ukraine has launched an investment promotion campaign "Invest Ukraine, Open for U" and has prioritized several sectors as the most attractive for foreign investor, inter alia, IT services and outsourcing, agribusiness, healthcare and pharma, aerospace and energy efficiency.

As the monopoly of Ukrecoresursy was destroyed with the economic benefit of around Hrv 300 million, a new competitive and efficient market for recycling tare and packaging waste in Ukraine has emerged.

The Ukrainian Government will further enhance its work on implementation of the Strategy for Sustainable Development of Ukraine that provides for the achievement of 25 key indicators (...)