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Table 3.26 Key features of the State Aid Programmes
Programme Aim and beneficiaries Support Implementing institutions Additional information
Environmental protection activities - Encouraging the SMEs to produce more projects to build their businesses up and the professional organizations to produce more projects to improve the small and medium- sized enterprises
- By taking the priorities indicated in macro strategy records into consideration, meeting the needs in designated thematic fields
- Ensuring SMEs conform to the international legislations and priorities - Thematic Project Support Programme

Detailed info:
http://kosgeb.gov.tr/Pages/UI/Destekler.aspx?ref=13
KOSGEB (Small and Medium Enterprises Development Organization)
The necessary allowances are provided from the budget of KOSGEB. There are no support programme-based budgets
(...)
Certification Aid To support expenses of SMEs during certification of quality assurance, environmental management systems, and CE marking
Certification
Expenses (%50)
Exporters'
Unions
Circular No. 2014-8
(...)
General activities - Enabling also low-capacity SMEs to prepare projects and those in sectors which KOSGEB had recently taken into its target range, to take advantage of KOSGEB supports
- Enabling SMEs to produce high quality and efficient goods/services
- Revising actual KOSGEB supports to enable more SMEs to take advantage of these supports in a widespread manner
- Encouraging the general enterprise development activities of the SMEs in order to increase their competitiveness power and level
- Improving the promoting and marketing activities of the SMEs in order to expand their domestic and international market shares - Domestic Fairs Support
- Foreign Business Travel Supports
- Promotion Support
- Matching Support
- Support for Employment of Qualified Staff
- Consultancy Support
- Training Support
- Energy Efficiency Support
- Design Support
- Industrial Property Rights
Detailed info:
http://kosgeb.gov.tr/Pages/UI/Destekler.aspx?ref=16
KOSGEB

Table 4.7 Turkey's Agricultural Support Programmes, 2015a
Support programme Type of support Content Amount of support 2014
(1,000 TL) Provider of support
(...)
Organic farming Producer Payments to registered farmers holding organic farming certificates 68,817 Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock
(...)
ÇATAK (Environmentally Based Land Utilization) Farmers Replacing environmentally intrusive agricultural practices with substantially less disrupting forms of land use, in areas of particular environmental value in terms of wildlife and other natural assets 54,787 Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock
(...)

Turkey's agricultural policy and strategy has also been influenced through its identification of five priority areas for harmonization with the EU, including:
(...)
• In respect of organic farming, Turkey's official application for the inclusion in the third country list has been an open question for years. Final evaluation by the Commission is still pending.
(...)

Table 4.9 Overview of the 2013-17 Strategic Plan
Strategic area Goals Objectives
Agricultural production and security of supply To ensure food security and access to quality agricultural products by protecting agricultural production resources. To protect, improve, and ensure sustainability of agricultural resources.
(...)
Phytosanitary, Animal Health and Welfare
- To increase plant production through environmentally-conscious and effective phytosanitary practices that also ensures the preservation of quality.
To improve and spread integrated and biological control practices in plant health services.
To improve control and inspection services for plant protection products and application equipment.
To improve internal and external quarantine services in plant production.
- To control and eradicate animal diseases and pests, and to ensure animal welfare.
To improve animal disease and pests control services.
To develop the necessary standards and systems to ensure animal welfare.
(...)

Turkey's main agricultural law dates from 2006 and provides the overall framework for agriculture. It defines the principles, objectives, and priorities of Turkish agricultural policy, and it determines strategies in accordance with policies and regulations supporting agricultural development, including agricultural support. Further it provides protection of biodiversity and genetic resources, ensures biosafety, provides for the establishment of product councils, and contains provisions on rural development. There are numerous other laws affecting agriculture, some of which related to specific commodities, others to insurances and credits, and others to cooperatives. There have been no major changes to the legislative framework during 2011-15 (Table 4.11).

Table 4.11 Overview of Laws on Agriculture
Law Reference
Organic Farming Law Law No. 5262 of 1 December 2004
(...)
Soil Conservation and Land Use Law Law No. 5403 of 3 July 2005
(...)
Biosecurity Law Law No. 5977
(...)

There have been some changes to the institutional framework. In 2011, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs was re-organized and became the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. It is responsible for policy formation, monitoring, and inspection activities for food, agriculture and livestock. The main activities of the Ministry are development of agricultural policies; food safety and security; rural development; conducting research; development of production; implementation of agricultural support programmes; and protection of land, water and biodiversity. It covers the plant, animal, acquaculture, and fishery sectors.

In 2015, the simple average applied MFN tariff on vehicles (HS 87) was 6.7% while imports from, and exports to the EU are covered by the Customs Union and may enter without payment of customs duties. Imports of second-hand vehicles, other than for personal use, are restricted for environmental reasons but are not prohibited. To ensure the suitability of all imported vehicles for highways, approval is required from the Ministry of Science Industry and Technology for various motor vehicles and trailers (Table 4.16).

With the growth of the automotive sector in Turkey, several problems have emerged that could affect further expansion, including: integration of the main automotive industry and its related industries; the need for a qualified workforce, particularly in related industries; limited access to finance for related industries; and high taxes on vehicles and fuel that reduce demand in the domestic market. Another report noted that the main issues affecting the automotive sector included, in order of importance: taxes on automotive sales; excessive price competition; legislation on emissions; investment incentive policies; and car scrappage incentives and similar sales supports.

Turkey's 2023 targets for the chemicals industry include US$50 billion in exports. According to Turkey's Chemicals Industry Strategy and Course of Action Document, there are six strategic targets:
Producing high-value-added, environmentally-friendly products to develop the exports market.
(...)