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Virtually all offshore tuna fishing is done by longline vessels, which must be licensed and land their catch in Fiji. Licences are allocated according to three categories of criteria: mandatory criteria (all matters affecting the management of fisheries resources); corporate criteria (all aspects pertaining to the applicant companies, aimed at ensuring authenticity of owners); and statutory criteria (monitoring, enforcement and compliance with Fijian laws). Among the mandatory criteria is the requirement that at least 50% of the seagoing officers and 50% of the crew must be locals, with this percentage increasing by 12.5% per year for four consecutive years. The local crew requirement may be waived if the Department of Fisheries deems it to be a hindrance to production.

Exports of fish and other marine products require an export permit from the Department of Fisheries, and exports of certain species are prohibited on conservational and environmental grounds. In order to access the lucrative EU fish market – from which Fijian exports were temporarily banned in 2008 on SPS grounds –, Fiji has designated the Food Unit of the Ministry of Health as the competent authority to ensure that fish and fishery products exported to the EU meet the relevant SPS standards, and the Fisheries Department as the competent authority to ensure that products exported are not associated with any illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing activities. In the ongoing negotiations of the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with the EU, Fiji continues to strive for the establishment of more flexible rules of origin – than in the interim EPA - that would allow for global sourcing of fisheries raw materials.

Fiji applies a number of tax concessions to assist the fishing industry; these include an exemption of the import duty (F$0.02/litre) on bunker fuel for local fishing vessels; zero-rate import duty on imports of all spare parts for maritime vessels; and duty-free importation of specialized machinery/equipment directly used by the fishing industry, provided a letter of approval is issued by Department of Fisheries in relation to such machinery/equipment. In addition, the 2015 Budget provided for import duty concessions for machinery used by companies involved in canning and pouch packaging of fish.

Fiji is party to several international treaties relating to the management of fisheries. Under the Treaty on Fisheries between the Governments of Certain Pacific Island States and the Government of the United States, Fiji is committed to allowing access to US purse seiners licensed pursuant to this treaty to fish within Fiji's EEZ against the payment of fishing fees; this treaty is currently being renegotiated. Other conventions and agreements to which Fiji is a party include the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS); the United Nations Fish Stock Agreement (UNFSA); the Convention on the Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPFC); the Convention for the Prohibition of Fishing with Long Driftnets in the South Pacific; and the Niue Treaty on Cooperation in Fisheries Surveillance and Law Enforcement in the South Pacific Region. Fiji is also a member of the Pacific Island Forum Fishing Agency (FFA), from which it receives technical assistance in matters relating to fisheries compliance and management, and the Secretariat to the Pacific Community (SPC), provider of scientific research in fisheries and the marine ecosystem.

Fiji relies heavily on imported fuels to meet its energy requirements for transportation, industrial and commercial activities, and to supplement electricity generation for households. Renewable energies are the main sources of electricity generation: hydropower, biomass (from wood), bagasse (from sugar) and wind account for over 60% of the electricity produced (2013).

Rural electrification initiatives over the last two decades have achieved positive results, however some 10% of the population are still without access to electricity and remote islands do not have access to it in a sustainable manner. [24] Supply of electricity to rural areas is done through national grid extensions, diesel-based mini-grids (operated by the Public Works Department or community cooperatives) and solar home systems maintained by private contractors and financed from monthly household charges and a subsidy from the Government.

[24] Some 20% of the population relies exclusively on wood fuels.

Reportedly, the main goal of the 2013 Draft Policy (which, if approved, will replace the 2006 Energy Policy) is to meet Fiji's energy needs, while ensuring the sector is resource efficient, cost effective, and environmentally sustainable. The reduction of energy import costs is also one of the key objectives. Priority policies for the energy sector include to: (...) maintain a comprehensive assessment of Fiji's renewable resources and make data publically available.

Electricity generation accounts for nearly 2% of GDP. In 2014, Fiji's total power generation was 891 GWh. The power generation mix was: 45.44% from renewable sources (hydropower and wind); 50.91% from thermal power (diesel and heavy fuel oil); and 3.65% from independent power producers (IPPs), namely Tropik Wood Industries Ltd. (using forestry waste) and Fiji Sugar Corporation (converting bagasse, a sugar by-product, into electricity).

The electricity market is dominated by the Fiji Electricity Authority (FEA), which is a vertically integrated, government-owned power utility, established under the Electricity Act 1966. (...) FEA's total installed capacity is 263 MW across three main hydro systems in the islands of Viti Levu, Vanua Levu and Ovalau, as well as a number of diesel plants. (...)

(…)Because of abundant use of hydropower, Fiji's electricity tariffs are among the lowest in the Pacific region.