Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-IV§30 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Forestry |
Relevant information
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(...) Inefficient forestry management can be regarded as an implicit subsidy for logging.
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Keywords
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-IV§31 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Sectors |
Other measures |
Fisheries, Forestry |
Relevant information
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(...) Under NSDP 2009-2013 (Sections 2.2 and 4.1.2), Cambodia established 516 fisheries communities and 354 conservation zones within the fisheries community area, alongside 50 new conservation areas and eight fisheries conservation zones in Tonle Sap lake covering 22,500 hectares, thus protecting the flooded forest surrounding Tonle Sap lake of 647,000 hectares. (...)
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Keywords
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-IV§32 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Fisheries |
Relevant information
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(...) Cambodia's marine fisheries face two serious productivity threats: excessive fishing effort (including significant unregulated foreign fishing activity) and habitat degradation. The level of subsistence fisheries and fishery workers has increased, partially as a result of developments in the forestry sector (Section 4.1.5.3), forcing ex-forestry workers to the coastal zone where many become involved in fishing. Export demand is also encouraging additional fishing effort, especially for the high value species.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-IV§33 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Fisheries, Forestry |
Relevant information
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Cambodia continues to implement the Strategic Planning Framework for Fisheries 2010 2019 (SPF) and the Declaration on the National Policy for the Fisheries Sector. The SPF is mainly aimed at boosting fish production to serve domestic consumption and export markets by relying on the three pillars: freshwater and marine-based natural resources fisheries; freshwater and marine aquaculture; and facilitating processing and trade. It provides for: the suppression of all violations of laws, rules and regulations related to fisheries including tightened control of fishing gears and fishing period; elimination of overfishing; strengthening fishing communities' capacity for the management, use and conservation of fisheries resources; protection of biodiversity; and aquatic-animal habitats; control of freshwater and seawater quality through pollution minimization, protection and replanting of flooded forests and mangroves; demarcation of flooded forest and fisheries conservation zones; development of institutional and human capacity; and preparing research studies and their dissemination. An SPF 2015-2024 seems to be in place. It would appear from this and previous paragraphs and those that follow (e.g. concerning the absence of quotas for TAC) that fishery management is inefficient, thus jeopardizing its long-run sustainability and thus viability.
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Keywords
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Fish
Natural resources
Conservation
Bio
Pollution
Forest
Sustainable
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-IV§34 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Fisheries |
Relevant information
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The institutional framework in the fisheries sector remains unchanged. The Fisheries Administration (FiA) of MAFF is responsible for the management and conservation of fishery resources in a sustainable manner. In cooperation with the MoC, it seeks ways to reduce trade barriers that affect the fisheries sector, in line with the Government's Trade Sector-Wide Approach (TradeSWAp).
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Keywords
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Fish
Conservation
Sustainable
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-IV§35 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Sectors |
Other measures |
Fisheries |
Relevant information
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No major changes were made to the fisheries regulatory framework. The 2006 Fisheries Law encourages the creation and proper maintenance of conservation zones and strongly promotes the development of aquaculture. It also ensures long-term conservation and sustainable management of fishery resources taking into account social, economic and environmental factors. Furthermore, it ensures local community rights to use fishery resources for traditional, religious and livelihood purposes through the establishment of community fisheries. A 2000 sub-decree reduced the area of fishing lots by 56% and made 538,522 hectares available for family-scale fisheries.
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Keywords
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Fish
Conservation
Environment
Sustainable
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-IV§36 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Sectors |
Ban/Prohibition, Other environmental requirements |
Fisheries |
Relevant information
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No total allowable catch (TAC) or other quotas are set for marine fisheries. Coastal fishery is freely accessible for boats smaller than 33 hp. Since the early 2000s when the fishing rights were given to fishing communities, the number of bag net fishery licences has remained constant at around 80. The fishery law bans trawling in the area between the shoreline and the 20-metre isobath. As many of the trawlers are small and unsuitable for use in offshore areas, much of the trawling is done illegally in these areas. To reduce illegal fishing, serious penalties are envisaged for those who break the law, including government officers. To investigate, prevent and counteract illegal activities and compile documents for submission to courts, the officers of the fisheries administration are considered as judicial fisheries police. Despite the fact that inshore trawling is clearly illegal, the FiA is reluctant to enforce the ban. No government action seems to be taken to halt the illegal trawling activity. The number of foreign vessels operating in Cambodian waters is also a source of contention. Jurisdiction over waters claimed by Cambodia is complex and the number of foreign vessels is difficult to estimate due, inter alia, to the fact that the licensing function is shared between several government agencies. Since 2014, the EU has enforced a ban on fish imports from Cambodia under its 2010 illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing regulation due to the country's failure to implement and comply with international legal obligations in this area, as there is neither action against illegal fishing by foreign vessels flying the Cambodian flag nor a legal framework and effective monitoring, inspection and catch certification schemes. The authorities indicated that no new IUU-related legislation is under preparation.
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Keywords
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-IV§37 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Sectors |
Ban/Prohibition |
Fisheries |
Relevant information
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(...) Cambodia is not yet able to legally export crocodile skins as farms are unable to meet industry standards. However, crocodile meat can be exported. Export prohibitions apply to any fish species mentioned on the CITES list of endangered species (Section 3.1.5). As a result of unofficial "export gates" at remote locations, smuggling of fish and fish products is also active. Smuggling is estimated to account for about 30% of total exports. A significant amount of fish was exported unofficially through the border with Viet Nam in 2011; no recent data were available on this activity.
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Keywords
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-IV§39 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Mining |
Relevant information
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During the review period, Cambodia's mining policy remained unchanged. Its objectives are set under its 2011 policy on minerals aimed at promoting mineral resources development in partnership with the private sector. They, inter alia, involve: (...) supporting improved environmental protection; (...)
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Keywords
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-IV§41 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Sectors |
Export licences |
Mining |
Relevant information
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(...) Under Sub-decree No. 195 on the Management of Mine Products Exports of 22 September 2016, exports of minerals other than uranium and other radioactive mining that are prohibited, are subject to licensing upon examination of economic, social and environmental criteria such as the economic potential for their further domestic processing or their utilization as raw materials for the local construction industry, or being in excess of the local demand (Section 3.2.3); in the past, exports of unprocessed minerals were prohibited.
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