Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/358/REV.1 |
S-IV§101 |
Brazil |
2017 |
Sectors |
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Manufacturing |
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INOVAR-Auto, operated by the MDIC, provides for a reduction of the IPI tax rates on automobiles manufactured or imported by accredited companies. This discount is in the form of: presumed IPI tax credits; and, reduced IPI tax rates on the importation of vehicles originating in certain countries as well as on certain domestic vehicles. Accreditation is granted, under certain conditions, (...) To be accredited, companies must comply with energy-efficiency requirements and meet at least three of the following four conditions: perform a minimum number of manufacturing steps in Brazil for at least 80% of vehicles produced; invest a minimum percentage of the company's gross revenues in R&D activities in Brazil; invest in engineering, basic industrial technology, and supplier training; and participate in the Brazilian vehicle tagging/labelling programme (Programa de Etiquetagem Veicular, PBEV) for a minimum percentage of the company's output. [157] These requirements were set to rise progressively in the period 2013-17 (Table 4.10). Companies that only trade automotive products are not subject to the requirement of minimum manufacturing steps in Brazil; however, to qualify for the programme, they must meet the remaining three conditions.
[157] The PBEV, a labelling programme only for cars, measures the consumption of fuel, gas and Co2 and No2 emissions. These labelling standards are issued by INMETRO in partnership with MDIC. Every year INMETRO issues the labelling technical regulation according to the type of the vehicle. INMETRO online information. Viewed at: http://www.inmetro.gov.br/consumidor/tabelas_pbe_veicular.asp.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/358/REV.1 |
S-IV§113 |
Brazil |
2017 |
Sectors |
Other price and market based measures |
Services |
Relevant information
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Brazil's commitments under the GATS were last changed in March 2016 with the ratification and insertion of the Fifth Protocol undertakings in the area of financial services. Brazil's Schedule of Specific Commitments contains undertakings in certain business services (including professional services), construction services, courier services, distribution services, financial services, hotels and restaurants services, as well as rail, road and pipeline transport services and those auxiliary to all modes of transport. [176] (...)
[176] Sectors in which there are no commitments include computer, telecommunication, audiovisual, education, health, environmental, recreational, maritime transport, and air transport services.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/358/REV.1 |
S-IV§114 |
Brazil |
2017 |
Sectors |
Other measures |
Services |
Relevant information
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Brazil maintains two RTAs involving commitments on trade in services: MERCOSUR (ACE 18) (2005); and, Mercosur-Chile Agreement (ACE 35) (2009) (Section 2.5.2.1.1). The entry into force of a third agreement, the Agreement on Economic and Trade Expansion between Brazil and Peru, concluded in April 2016 and covering trade in services, is pending. Brazil has notified one MERCOSUR RTA under Article V of the GATS. In MERCOSUR, Brazil undertook specific commitments on trade in services that went significantly beyond the commitments under the GATS. These commitments covered new sectors (computer, R&D, telecommunication, audiovisual, educational, environmental, and maritime transport services) and improved sectoral coverage and/or the level of treatment bound in a number of other sectors (professional, distribution, financial, and other business services). Under the Brazil-Peru agreement, Brazil undertook market access commitments in sports event promotion and organization, and sport facility operation services.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/358/REV.1 |
S-IV§144 |
Brazil |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Services |
Relevant information
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The sector's 2015-2024 Strategic Plan is aimed at: expanding access to and use of services of an adequate quality and at affordable prices; stimulating competition and sustainability; supporting consumer satisfaction; and, promoting the dissemination of sectoral data and information. (...)
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/358/REV.1 |
S-IV§192 |
Brazil |
2017 |
Sectors |
Other measures |
Services |
Relevant information
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Brazil signed the UN Convention on a Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences in 1975 but has not ratified it yet, as its provisions on rejection of proposals on freight rates put forward by Liner Conferences (article 14, paragraph 6) do not conform with Brazilian law. Brazil is a member of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and has ratified a number of IMO conventions related to maritime safety, prevention of maritime pollution, and civil liability, among others. During the review period, no action was taken to either sign or ratify any other IMO conventions or recent amendments to those that it is already a signatory. Brazil is a party to the Multilateral Agreement on Inland Waterway Transportation through the Paraguay-Parana Rivers, together with Argentina, the Plurinational State of Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/358/REV.1 |
S-IV§205 |
Brazil |
2017 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Services |
Relevant information
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(...) During the review period, Brazil hosted six mega events, i.e. the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Rio+20), (...)
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/358/REV.1 |
S-IV§209 |
Brazil |
2017 |
Sectors |
Loans and financing |
Services |
Relevant information
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In addition to tax incentives available to all business activities (Section 3.3.1), Brazil continued to provide ten tourism-specific financing programmes to cope with the high demand from the mega events hosted during the review period. These programmes, which provide concessional or administered interest rate loans to investors, are: (...) FNO – Financing Programme for the Sustainable Development of the Amazon (Tourism); (...)
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Government TPR |
WT/TPR/G/364 |
G-IV§5 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Trade Policy Framework |
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The Royal Government and its ministries have elaborated a multi-layered strategic approach designed to meet this challenge. The Rectangular Strategy Phase III and the Strategic Development Plan 2014-18 set out economy-wide development objectives and strategy. These are reinforced and elaborated by sectoral development plans and strategies, for example the Education Strategic Plan, 2014-18; The Financial Sector Development Strategy, 2011-20; the Agricultural Sector Strategic Development Plan, 2014-18; and, most recently, the Industrial Development Policy, 2015-25, which aims to transform Cambodia's industrial structure away from labour intensive activities and toward skill-driven activities. Individual products have also been earmarked for policy action: through its Trade Integration Strategy (CTIS) the Government has identified ten export sectors that will receive priority attention. These are garments; footwear; light manufacturing assembly in special economic zones (SEZ); processed food; fisheries products; milled rice; cassava; rubber; tourism; and high-value silk products. These, in turn, are the object of product strategies, for example the Policy Paper on the Promotion of Paddy Production and Rice Export; Strategic Planning Framework for Fisheries 2015-24; the Natural Rubber Development Strategy, 2011-20; and the Tourism Development Strategic Plan, 2012-20. For each of these products the CTIS focused, along with other key competitive issues, on opportunities for producers to move up value chains; opportunities to increase the volume of exports; opportunities to diversify target markets; opportunities to increase backward linkages through linkages to domestic producers (mostly small and medium enterprises); and socio-economic and environmental impacts.
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Government TPR |
WT/TPR/G/364 |
G-IV§54 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Trade Policy Framework |
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Relevant information
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The generation master plan drawn up by Cambodia's authorities envisages that in the period ahead peak generation in Phnom Penh will be assured by thermal units; small and medium sized diesel units will provide both base and peak loads in provincial towns and cities. The plan also envisages a major expansion of hydro power, initially through smaller size hydro units, and then through mid and larger size hydro projects. Five additional coal-fired plants are scheduled to come on stream during 2017-21, as well as one hydro generator. During 2021-25, thirteen different hydro projects will come on stream, as well as a major thermal unit.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/364 |
S-Summary§10 |
Cambodia |
2017 |
Trade Policy Framework |
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Relevant information
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Cambodia remains largely open to and encourages foreign direct investment (FDI) despite the prohibition of foreign ownership of land and involvement in some activities for health or environmental purposes, as well as local equity or workforce participation requirements, or prior authorization for certain activities (e.g. certain telecommunications services, radio and television broadcasting, and certain tourism services). (...)
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