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Mauritania has a large livestock population of about 20 million head, reflecting the comparative advantage of its vast territory. (…) the heavy concentration of the herd in grazing areas has hastened deforestation and land degradation, thereby speeding up the country's severe desertification. The survival of livestock farming therefore calls for a radical revision of policy in order to take account of the fight against desertification, (...)

In 2016 the Ministry of Fisheries and the Maritime Economy published a final report on the investment framework for sustainable fisheries development in Mauritania 2015 2020 in order to implement the Government's new national strategy for responsible and sustainable fisheries management. (...)

In April 2012, in Nouakchott, Mauritania ratified the Convention for Cooperation in the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Atlantic Coast of the West, Central and Southern African Region (Abidjan Convention).

Mauritania has undertaken to implement the international regulations against illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing , which came into force on 1 January 2010. Under these regulations, vessels must be registered, be in possession of a fishing licence, and each trip out to sea has to be declared. Products exported by processors or shipowners (approved by the sanitary authorities) must be traceable.

Mauritania has advantages for the development of renewable energy: a wind power potential of 7 9 m/second on average on the coast; and solar energy potential of 3.5–6 kWh/m²/d for eight hours each day. According to the authorities, an additional 280 megawatts of solar power were available in 2017.

Gold production started in 2007. Together with copper, gold mining represents about 2.6% of GDP (2016). The main producer, Tasiast, is wholly owned by a Canada based company, Kinross. It operates gold mines some 300 km north of Nouakchott under a mining agreement with the Mauritanian State. (...) The Tasiast gold mine reportedly presents serious environmental and social dangers, in particular from cyanide pollution, air pollution, (...)

The Law on Free Zones (OG RM No.42/04, OG MNE No. 11/07, 76/08, 40/11 and 40/16) regulates the establishment of the free zones and warehouses, management and conditions for carrying out economic activities (…) provisions on regulating economic activities are improved, in terms of their additional compliance with other regulations for environmental protection (...)

So far geological explorations have determined the reserves of available mineral resources at different levels, potential and exploitable. Except for four mineral resources (sea salt, mineral waters, groundwater and gravel and sands from the watercourse), which are part of the renewable, they remain non-renewable.

Bearing in mind the characteristics of Montenegrin agriculture, the future directions of development are focused on achievement of several strategic goals, which are (…) conservation of biodiversity and environmental protection.

In order to fulfill the basic goals of agricultural development in Montenegro, which would ultimately need to have a sustainable and competitive sector, which encourages balanced economic development in rural areas support, (…)