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(…) In addition to notifications of SPS measures, some of the notifications on technical barriers to trade are concerned with protection of human health or safety, protection of animal or plant life or health, or protection of the environment. From 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2017, 60 such notifications were made (including revisions, addenda, and corrigenda) about products under HS headings 1 to 24 (all for food and beverages, except for one notification on tobacco products). Some of these notifications may include references to SPS measures.

(…) The draft Public Health Regulations (Food) (Novel foods) 5773-2013 deal with foods manufactured using gene technology that have not yet been approved by the Knesset. According to the draft Regulations, only GMOs on the list of approved GMOs could legally enter the food supply system in Israel. Manufacturers and importers will be required to submit an application to the Novel Food Committee of the NFS for the approval of novel foods, including GMOs, which are not on the list of approved novel foods. (...)

Under the Plant Import Regulations of 2009, importers of many plant products (as listed in Annexes 3 and 4 of the Regulations) no longer require an import permit, provided:
• the plant products are not used for propagation, unless imported for this purpose and, if so, the relevant authority of the exporting country certifies that the material is not genetically modified;
(...)

Under the revised GPA, Israel made a number of market access commitments that enhance the opportunities for foreign companies to compete in its government procurement market. (…) Nine government enterprises and other entities have been added to Israel's list of GPA covered entities (e.g. Environmental Services Company Ltd. (...) Israel's covered procurement includes a number of additional service sectors, such as financial services, commercial courier services, and education services.

(…) the accelerated fast track for "green" patent applications introduced in 2009 is not used much, despite a number of applications with the potential to be classified as green applications each year. [147]

[147] Israel Patent Office Annual Report 2016. See also Israel Patent Office Annual Report 2015, p.38.

Agricultural insurance is managed by the public Fund for Natural Damages in Agriculture (KANAT), which is jointly owned by the Government and the marketing boards. KANAT provides two main insurance schemes:
(…)
• Natural Disaster Insurance (NDI), which provides protection of up to 70% against losses in yield due to unavoidable, naturally occurring events that are not covered under the MPCI. These include losses caused by pests and diseases. The Government provides a subsidy of 80% of the gross premium for basic coverage.

(...) Research is carried out by various agencies in Israel, of which the Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) of the MARD is the largest. Most of the soft funding for agricultural research in Israel is provided by the Chief Scientist of the MARD. ARO is also supported by bi-national funds for (agricultural) research and development with the United States and other countries. Research areas include (...) water recycling; and precision application of inputs (water, pesticides, fertilizer, etc).

(...) there is a programme to encourage investment in water-saving technologies and practices. The budget allocation for this programme was NIS 139.9 million in 2015. In addition, investment support is available, with grants of up to 40% for equipment which benefited 844 farmers at a cost of NIS 42 million in 2011. Support under the programme increased steadily to NIS 194.7 million in 2017.

Israel's energy policy is aimed primarily at ensuring energy security and achieving environmental protection goals (Paris Climate Change Agreement). The Ministry of Energy is responsible for ensuring energy supply, and the natural gas industry is regulated by the Natural Gas Authority in the Ministry (Natural Gas Act, 2002).

The institutional framework for regulating electricity comprises the Ministry of Energy, the Electricity Authority, the Israeli Corporation Authority, and various other government institutions in the case of projects by independent power producers (IPPs). The Electricity Authority is responsible for, inter alia, (...) establishing the feed-in tariffs for renewable energy. (...)