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4.28. Virtually all offshore tuna fishing is done by longline vessels. Applicants can apply for a tuna longline fishing licence only after they have acquired or constructed a fishing vessel authorized by the Permanent Secretary. (...)

4.32. Exports of fish and other marine products require an export permit from the Ministry of Fisheries, and exports of certain species are prohibited on conservational and environmental grounds (Section 3.2.3).

4.36. To combat IUU [illegal, unreported and unregulated] fishing, Fiji carries out port monitoring activities, including the boarding and inspection of both national and foreign vessels that come to land their catch. In 2018, Fiji ratified the Agreement on Port State Measures (PSMA), which allows Fiji to identify vessels of interest and illegal vessels that may visit its ports, and to strengthen the region's ability to exclude illegal vessels from visiting vulnerable nations that have small administrations. Fiji is also drafting a National Monitoring Compliance Strategy.

4.37. Fiji is also a party to several international treaties relating to the management of fisheries. (...) Other conventions and agreements to which Fiji is a party include the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS); the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement (UNFSA); the Convention on the Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPFC); the Convention for the Prohibition of Fishing with Long Driftnets in the South Pacific; the Niue Treaty on Cooperation in Fisheries Surveillance and Law Enforcement in the South Pacific Region; the Pacific Islands Forum Fishing Agency (FFA); and the Secretariat to the Pacific Community (SPC).

4.39. Fiji's energy sector has been shaped by the demands of its growing economy, natural environment, and tropical climate. While more than half of electricity generated in Fiji is enabled by renewable energy resources, it also depends on fossil fuel-powered energy to supplement.

4.40. Fiji's main energy policies during the review period are set out in its five-year National Plan (2017-2021). Such policies include, inter alia, to (i) secure domestic access to affordable, reliable, modern, and sustainable energy services; (ii) increase share of electricity generation from renewable energy resources; (iii) increase private-sector participation in electricity supply through regulatory reforms; (iv) improve energy efficiency in the electricity sector; (v) reduce cost of petroleum imports and further develop bio-fuels; and (vi) pursue long-term sustainability of renewable energy resources based on the principle of the Green Growth Framework.

4.41. The Green Growth Framework aims to provide an opportunity in which all stakeholders can identify the role to play in the pursuit of attaining sustainable development, and "is a tool to accelerate integrated and inclusive sustainable development". (...)

4.42. At the time of writing, according to the authorities, Fiji was drafting a National Energy Policy (NEP 2023-2030) to reflect its recent national regulatory changes and international commitments, such as its gradually privatized domestic energy sector as well as its commitment under the Paris Agreement. The draft Policy has been submitted to the Cabinet for endorsement. The authorities state that the draft NEP 2023-2030 encompasses Fiji's national commitments to achieve the relevant targets under Sustainable Development Goal 7 and has been developed in alignment with Fiji's revised Nationally Determined Contribution (2022) to the Paris Agreement.

4.44. During the review period, the share of electricity generated from renewable energy resources (hydropower, wind, and solar) increased from 54.0% (2016) to 62.6% (2021) of the total (Table 4.4). [37] This is mainly due to the reduction of fuel imports used for thermal electric generation since 2016. The ratio is also shaped by the amount of annual rainfall that in turn affects the operation of hydropower electricity generation. According to the National Development Plan, the Government intends to increase the share of renewable energy sources up to 81% by 2020, and 100% by 2036.
[37] Biomass to energy is produced by Fiji Sugar Corporation, Tropik Wood Industries Ltd, and Nabou Green Energy Ltd.

Table 4.4 Electricity generation by generator and source, 2016-21
- Contribution by source (%):
Hydro: (2016) 53.65, (2017) 49.91, (2018) 57.07, (2019) 55.25, (2020) 61.39, (2021) 62.54
(...)