Search

4.208. The proposed reform of the ETS [Emissions Trading System] that forms part of the Fit-for-55 package could introduce a self-standing emissions trading system for fuel distribution for the road transport sector by 2025, managed by fuel distributors as regulated entities.

4.209. Rail transport is seen as a cornerstone for greening the European Union and making transport systems more sustainable. [301] (...) In addition to the general objectives of Horizon Europe (addressing climate change, sustainable development, and EU competitiveness), the undertaking contributes to achieving a Single European Railway Area that would be more attractive and integrated into the wider mobility system, and to support the development of a strong and globally competitive European rail industry. (...)
[301] The Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy targets rail freight traffic to double its market share by 2050.

4.216. (...) EU CATAs [EU comprehensive air transport agreements] provide for liberalization of direct connectivity and create a level playing field, covering fair competition, as well as social and environmental matters. (...)

4.219. In late 2020, the Commission adopted a package of proposals that include regulations on the implementation of the Single European Sky ("SES2+") as well as aviation safety replacing an earlier proposal from 2013 that had not advanced because of some diverging views among some member States. According to the Commission, the revised package aims to achieve the same objectives as the earlier proposal but reflects recent developments in terms of policy and technology changes, including carbon neutrality targets emanating from the Paris Agreement and the European Green Deal. In particular, it aims to allow for the more flexible provision of air navigation services to help cut aviation emissions by defragmenting the European airspace and allowing for more efficient routing. (...)

4.220. (...) The ReFuelEU Aviation proposal would require fuel suppliers to supply aviation fuel containing a minimum share of sustainable aviation fuel on the EU market, (...) A second proposal forms part of the proposed reform of the EU ETS and would increase the ambition for emission reductions in the aviation sector, and implement ICAO's Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation. (...)

4.221. (...) The Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy targets transport by inland waterways and short sea shipping to increase its market share by 50% by 2050, while short sea shipping also plays an important role in efforts to reduce GHG emissions, and initiatives to promote such short sea shipping are in place.

4.222. (...) According to Regulation (EU) 2017/352, rules on the provision of port services apply to bunkering, mooring, collection of ship-generated waste and cargo residues, (...)

4.223. There are no restrictions on market access for maritime transport services in the European Union other than those on domestic cabotage and on the general regulations regarding safety and the environment that apply to all vessels. (...)

4.226. If approved, the proposed reform of the ETD [Energy Taxation Directive] could eliminate the tax exemptions for fuels used for intra-EU waterborne navigation, while the proposed reform of the ETS that forms part of the Fit-for-55 package could phase in, until 2026, the inclusion of emissions from large ships (of 5,000 GT and more) into the system, possibly covering 100% of emissions from intra EU voyages and emissions while at berth [328] , and 50% of emissions from voyages between the European Union and third countries.
[328] JRC Technical Report (2022), Quantifying Emissions in the European Maritime Sector. Viewed at: https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC128870/JRC128870_01.pdf. Of the GHG emissions of the maritime sector (of ships exceeding GT of 5,000 either destined to or leaving from an EU port), 7% of emissions occur in ports.

4.239. In January 2023, the 2016 Directive on the security of network and information systems (NIS Directive) was replaced by the NIS 2 Directive. (...) The new Directive also requires medium and large entities from other critical sectors, such as communications or digital services, waste water and waste management, manufacturing of critical products (including medical devices), or public administration, to take enhanced cybersecurity risk management measures, and strengthen existing reporting requirements. (...)