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Agriculture is essentially rain-fed and is dominated by smallholders. Persistent challenges to the sector include declining yields, drought, and the degradation of the ecosystem. (...)

(...)The EAC countries signed a CAADP Compact in June 2017 that had the following priorities: to increase regional trade and enhance the functioning of national and regional markets; to expand local agro-industry and value chain development; to increase the resilience of livelihoods and improve risk management in the agricultural sector; and to improve the management of natural resources. (...)

The Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization (LVFO) is responsible for the management of the lake's fisheries resources. (...)Its objectives are to foster cooperation among the EAC countries, to harmonize national measures for the sustainable utilization of the resources, and to develop and adopt conservation and management measures. Fisheries management is undertaken through rounds of five-year fisheries management plans.

Illegal fishing and the lack of regulation are cited as the main challenges to sustainable fisheries in Lake Victoria. In a decade, revenues from fish exports have declined by about 30%, to USD 840 million in 2015. In 2009, the Council of Ministers launched "Operation Save the Nile Perch", an initiative aiming at recovering some species' populations.

The EAC Treaty calls for the harmonization of countries' mining regulations, in order to ensure environmentally-friendly and sound mining practices. (...)

The EAC countries are endowed with various energy resources, including wind, solar, and geothermal

A number of policies are in place for the promotion of renewable energy. For instance, specialized solar equipment and accessories are exempted from the payment of import duties.

The EAC Tourism and Wildlife Management Bill has not yet been enacted. It seeks to establish a cooperative framework for the management of tourism and wildlife resources in the region. It provides for the establishment of an East African Tourism and Wildlife Management Commission to supervise, coordinate and manage all issues related to the promotion and development of the tourism and wildlife industry in the Community.

Burundi's agricultural sector has several strong points, including the variety of ecosystems, (...)However, it still faces many constraints, in particular(...)climatic vagaries, (...)soil degradation, with the result that productivity is low. (...)

In 2008 the Government drew up a National Agricultural Strategy (SAN), (...)The SAN specifically aims to boost agricultural productivity and output and develop sustainable production systems; (...)and strengthen management and sustainable development capacity in the agricultural sector in order to transform Burundi's subsistence agriculture into a profitable and professionally managed market agriculture.