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(...)In 2018, there were six technical committees, covering the areas of (...)chemistry and the environment.(...)

(...)On the recommendation of the BBN Board of Directors, the Minister may make a standard wholly or partly mandatory in Burundi (technical regulation). The mandatory application of a standard must pursue one or more of the following aims: (...)to protect the health and life of wild flora or fauna; or to protect the environment.

On 1 August 2008, Burundi ratified the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity. The country currently has a biosafety policy, a national biosafety committee, and a clearing house for information on the subject. A draft biotechnology safety law sets out basic rules to protect the population and the environment against the risks of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and products derived therefrom through modern biotechnology. Once adopted, the law will apply to the import, export, transit, contained use, release or placing on the market of any GMO, whether intended for dissemination in the environment, or as a food, livestock feed, or processed product, or one derived from a GMO.

During the review period, Burundi signed several agreements on intellectual property rights (IPRs). (...)it signed the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity (12 October 2014). (...)

Canada manages fisheries in accordance with the Sustainable Fisheries Framework (SFF), which was adopted in 2009 as one of policy instruments to the Fisheries Act. The SFF provides the basis of Canada's precautionary and ecosystem approaches to fisheries management, by ensuring that Canadian fishing activities are conducted in a manner that supports conservation and sustainable use. Under the SFF, Canada implements fisheries management policies, which include: the Policy on New Fisheries for Forage Species; the Guidance on Implementation of the Policy on Managing Bycatch; the Policy for Managing the Impacts of Fishing on Sensitive Benthic Areas; the Fishery Decision-Making Framework Incorporating the Precautionary Approach; the Ecological Risk Assessment Framework for Coldwater Corals and Sponge Dominated Communities; the Guidance for the Development of Rebuilding Plans under the Precautionary Approach Framework: Growing Stocks out of the Critical Zone; the Wild Salmon Policy (Pacific); and Canada's Policy for the Conservation of Wild Atlantic Salmon. The DFO conducts an annual Sustainable Survey for Fisheries on 179 fish stocks, to track the implementation of the SFF policies and report on the status of fish stocks.

The Sustainable Aquaculture Programme (SAP), initially launched for the 2008-13 period and subsequently renewed for the 2013-18 period, placed emphasis on regulatory reform (i.e. streamlining regulations and policies, and improving regulatory management), regulatory science (i.e. increasing scientific knowledge and science-based decision-making through science and research activities), and transparency (i.e. public reporting on the environmental and economic performance of Canada's aquaculture sector). (...)

Budgetary support to fisheries in Canada 2013-16
(CAD million)
2013 2014 2015 2016
(...) (...) (...) (...) (...)
Fisheries protection 48.7 40.5 44.0 44.6
Genomics and biotechnology 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.0
(...) (...) (...) (...) (...)

(...)The Fisheries and Aquaculture Clean Technology Adoption Program is a national funding programme, investing CAD 20 million during the period of 2017-21, to improve environmental performance in the fisheries sector. The Program provides funding for up to 75% of an eligible project's costs. At provincial level, a fuel tax rebate may be available for gasoline consumed in, or by, fishing, for example, in Newfoundland and Labrador.

Besides IUU fishing, on 3 October 2018, Canada and nine other countries signed an Agreement to Prevent Unregulated Commercial Fishing on the High Seas in the Central Arctic Ocean. This prohibits commercial fishing in the high seas of the Central Arctic Ocean for at least 16 years. As part of the Agreement, there will be a joint scientific research and monitoring programme, including data sharing, to improve understanding of the area's ecosystems, and determine conservation and management measures for fish stocks.(...)

With respect to aquaculture, Canada has continuously cooperated with international organizations, such as the FAO and the OECD, as well as with partner countries, such as the United States, to strengthen the existing mechanism to foster sustainable aquaculture development. (...)