Search

(...)Currently, the National Fisheries Institute carries out scientific and technological research on biological ocean resources with a view to diversifying production, promoting the development of fisheries and optimizing their utilization.

State-owned enterprises are entrusted with a major role in the Ecuadorian economy: under the Constitution, the State reserves the right to administer, regulate, control and manage strategic sectors. These sectors under exclusive control of the State are those that have a decisive economic, social, political or environmental influence. The following are considered strategic sectors: energy in all forms, telecommunications, non-renewable natural resources, transport and refining of hydrocarbons, biodiversity and the genetic heritage, the radio spectrum, water and other sectors as determined by law. (...)Accordingly, state-owned enterprises have been set up to manage strategic sectors, provide public services, make sustainable use of natural resources or public goods and carry out other economic activities. (...)

State-owned enterprises, 2018
Type of enterprise Sector Number
State-owned enterprises of the Central Government Infrastructure and non-renewable natural resources 10
(...) (...)
Habitat and environment 2
(...) (...) (...)

The regulatory framework governing fisheries dates back to 1983. It consists of: the Protection and Conservation of Fish Act, 1950; the Protection and Conservation of Fish Rules, 1985; the Marine Fisheries Ordinance, 1983; the Marine Fisheries Rules, 1983; and the Fish and Products (Inspection and Quality Control) Ordinance, 1983.

(...)For fisheries resource conservation and management and the maintenance of the quality of fish and fish products, the following rules are being enforced: the Framing of Marine Fisheries Act, 2018 (under consideration); the Fish and Fish Products (Inspection and Quality Control) Rules, 1997 (amended in 2008, 2014 and 2017); the draft Fish and Fish Products (Inspection and Quality Control) Act, 2018; the Fish Quarantine Act, 2018; the National Shrimp Policy (2014); the National Residue Control Plan Policy Guidelines, 2011 (amended 2012); the Fish and Fishery Products Official Control Protocols, 2015; and the Guidelines for the Control of Aquaculture Medicinal Products-AMPs, 2015. (...)

The Department of Fisheries (DOF), under the administrative control of the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, supports sustainable growth in fish and shrimp production for domestic consumption and export, and the management of open water fisheries resources. (...)The DOF mandate includes: (...)enhance fisheries resources, through enacting conservation and management measures; (...)conduct fisheries resources surveys and assessment of stock, to develop fisheries database for proper planning; facilitate the arrangement of institutional credit for fish and shrimp farmers, fishers and fish traders and entrepreneurs; (...)formulate and implement development projects /programmes, for the sustainable utilization of fisheries resources, to ensure food security; and disseminate improved aquaculture technologies, through the e-extension service.

Bangladesh's energy policy remains focused on reducing extreme dependence on natural gas, through diversification of the energy mix and the use of alternative/renewable energy resources; (...).The 7th FYP is focused on establishing/developing: (...)an Energy Efficiency and Conservation Programme; (...).It also aims at promoting the use of liquefied natural gas in the domestic and transport sectors. Furthermore, during the review period, action was taken to promote renewable energy and energy efficiency (Section 4.2.2.3).

(...)An MoU was signed between Bangladesh and China in 2012, to enhance cooperation in the power sector, and increase investment opportunities in electricity generation, transmission, distribution, energy efficiency, and renewable energy (...).

Considering the gradual decrease in Bangladesh's primary fuel reserves (i.e. natural gas) (Sections 4.2.1 and 4.2.2.1.2), action has been taken to address viable alternatives. Under the Sustainable and Renewable Energy Development Authority (SREDA) Act, 2012, the SREDA was established. Several government agencies are working with it for the effective utilization and conservation of renewable energy, in both the public and private sectors; and to monitor and coordinate renewable energy and the efficiency of energy-related issues.

The 2016 Energy Efficiency and Conservation Master Plan, up to 2030, developed by the SREDA with assistance from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), is aimed at ensuring energy efficiency and conservation. Its energy-saving targets include saving 15% of "primary energy per GDP" by 2021, and 20% by 2030. The main components of the Master Plan are: setting an energy management programme for large industries; establishing an energy-efficient or star labelling programme for electrical appliances; setting an energy-efficient building programme and introducing a green building rating system; providing technical support and identifying the financing for project implementation; and creating awareness of energy efficiency among the population. An Interim Action Plan for Improvement of Energy Efficiency and Conservation was put in place in 2013, as an intervention for energy efficiency and demand side management, and a Clean Cook Stove Country Action Plan was put in place in the same year.