Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/401/REV.1 |
S-4§75 |
Indonesia |
2020 |
Sectors |
Grants and direct payments, Other support measures |
Fisheries |
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4.75. (...) Indonesia supports disciplines relating to fisheries subsidies, especially those affecting overfishing and overcapacity, particularly of high-migratory species; high-seas fisheries and distant water fishing; and the elimination of subsidies that contribute to IUU fishing with special and differential treatment for developing countries and least-developed countries. An initial step to be taken would be to eradicate IUU fishing through deterrent measures.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/401/REV.1 |
S-4§76 |
Indonesia |
2020 |
Sectors |
Other environmental requirements |
Fisheries |
Relevant information
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4.76. (...) Other areas of IUU-related action included: improving the governance of fishery business licences; promoting transparency in capture fisheries; analysing and evaluating local fishing vessels to promote compliance and better governance; and closing foreign investment in the capture fishing sector in 2016 to protect domestic natural resources (...).
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/401/REV.1 |
S-4§78 |
Indonesia |
2020 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Forestry |
Relevant information
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4.78. Forestry continues to play an important role by providing social, economic and environmental benefits in Indonesia, which accounts for the world's 8th largest forest area. During the review period, forestry's contribution to GDP increased from 0.6% in 2013 to 0.7% in 2020. Forest is mostly owned by the State (86.9%) (Law No. 41 on Forestry of 1999), and is classified into three categories: conservation forests, protection forests, and production forests. More than half of the total forest area is production forest. Production forests consist of permanent production forest, limited production forest, and convertible production forest. In 2015, the total area of production forests rose from 56 million ha (2015) to 68 million ha (2018). These forest areas consist of various types of land such as primary forests, secondary forests, forest plantations, and non-forested land (including endemic sand plains, savanna, and alpine tundra within conservation areas). Indonesia also houses more than 30 million ha of forest concession area (see below); this consists of three types of concessions, comprising natural forest concessions, plantation forest concessions, and ecosystem restoration forest concessions. The natural forest and ecosystem restoration concessions are allocated to permanent production forest and limited production forest land; plantation forest concessions are permissible only on permanent forest land. Additionally, Indonesia placed about 45% of its total forest area aside for the conservation of biodiversity or the protection of ecology. Forest is managed either directly by government agencies or by private corporations and institutions based on forest concessions; the remainder is so-called titled forest. Fires to clear land to expand plantations for palm oil production remain a driver of deforestation, although action was taken to address this problem (Section 4.1.4).
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Keywords
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Conservation
Eco
Environment
Forest
Bio
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/401/REV.1 |
S-4§80 |
Indonesia |
2020 |
Sectors |
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Forestry |
Relevant information
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4.80. During the review period, forestry policy objectives included: promotion of forest product exports and added value through foreign market penetration; increase of production of timber and non-timber forest products, plants and wildlife; new business configuration and industrial clusters; enhancement of the management of natural resources through rehabilitation of forests and lands, prevention of forest and land fires, reduction of the deforestation rate, promotion of waste management and reduction of plastic use; circular economy; reduction of mercury use; environmental pollution control; improvement of sustainable forest management smart practices based on 4.0 technology; and improvement of the conservation management strategy by involving local community, including customary community and stakeholder engagement. Since 2019, ministerial strategies have also included: strengthening protected areas; strengthening sustainable production forest management; accelerating the provision of local community access to land and forests; providing entrepreneurship training and facilities for local communities; conserving water and the ecosystem; supporting the development of new capital; improving the environmental quality index; improving resilience to disaster and climate change; and implementing low-carbon development.
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Keywords
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Conservation
Eco
Environment
Forest
Natural resources
Plastic
Pollution
Sustainable
Waste
Wildlife
Climate
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/401/REV.1 |
S-4§81 |
Indonesia |
2020 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Forestry |
Relevant information
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4.81. The Ministry of Environment and Ministry of Forestry were merged to create the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) in 2015. Its responsibilities are to organize governmental affairs in the field of environment and forestry; formulate policies in the field of sustainable forests and environmental conservation; manage the conservation of natural resources and their ecosystems; enhance watershed support capacity and protect forests; sustainably manage forestry production; enhance the competitiveness of the primary forest product industry; manage the environment; control pollution; control environmental damage; control climate change impact; control forest and land fires; a social forestry programme (see below); create partnerships; reduce damage; and reduce threats of forest destruction; and reduce violations of environmental and forestry legislation.
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Keywords
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Climate
Conservation
Environment
Forest
Natural resources
Pollution
Sustainable
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/401/REV.1 |
S-4§82 |
Indonesia |
2020 |
Sectors |
General environmental reference |
Forestry |
Relevant information
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4.82. During the review period, the regulatory framework governing the forestry sector was enhanced in several areas. Changes included MoEF Regulation No. P.30/Menlhk/Setjen/PHPL.3/3/2016 on the Assessment for Performance of Forestry Sustainable Production Management and Verification of Timber Legality to License Holders or Private Forests; (...)
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/401/REV.1 |
S-4§83 |
Indonesia |
2020 |
Sectors |
Other environmental requirements |
Forestry |
Relevant information
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4.83. Any entity, either in a natural forest or a production/plantation forest, must possess a concession licence granted by the MoEF. In natural forests, a permit for a logging concession is valid for a maximum of 55 years, with a possible extension; while ecosystem restoration and industrial plantation forest permits are granted for 100 years maximum, without possibility of extension. Upon the granting of a permit, the beneficiary is required to develop a 10-year Forest Management Plan, based on a Periodic Comprehensive Forest Inventory and an Annual Operational Plan.
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Keywords
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/401/REV.1 |
S-4§84 |
Indonesia |
2020 |
Sectors |
Other environmental requirements |
Forestry |
Relevant information
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4.84. A temporary moratorium on granting permits to clear primary forests and peatlands for plantations or logging, introduced as part of wider efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation in 2011, was accompanied by a 2018 moratorium on new licences for oil palm plantations (Section 4.1.2); it was made permanent on 5 August 2019. It prohibits the conversion of primary natural forests and peatlands to oil palm, pulpwood or logging concessions. According to MoEF data, between 2011 and 2018, the rate of deforestation in areas covered by the licensing ban, dropped by 38%; however, analysis of satellite imagery by Greenpeace, based on a different approach for defining the condition of primary forest and tree cover loss, showed the opposite.
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Keywords
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Climate
Emissions
Forest
Green
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/401/REV.1 |
S-4§86 |
Indonesia |
2020 |
Sectors |
Other support measures |
Forestry |
Relevant information
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4.86. Since 2014, a social forestry programme is underway, as part of agrarian reform for the forestry sector. It is aimed at, inter alia, reducing the deforestation rate and reducing illegal logging by improving the livelihood of slash-and-burn farmers, alleviating poverty, increasing employment, reducing social conflict, and promoting sustainable forest management. The programme remains in place with a cumulative target of 4 million ha in the period 2020-24. It represents a transfer of forest management responsibilities to user-groups across the archipelago, and offers forest-dependent farmers the opportunity to use designated forest plots legally for up to 35 years. It targets the allocation of 12.7 million ha of land to be managed by people who live in and around the forests. (...) Reportedly, deforestation dropped from 1.09 million ha in 2015 to 0.479 million ha in 2017, and more than 2 million trees, including teak, mahogany, and sengon, were saved from illegal logging.
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Secretariat TPR |
WT/TPR/S/401/REV.1 |
S-4§92 |
Indonesia |
2020 |
Sectors |
Other environmental requirements |
Forestry, Other |
Relevant information
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4.92. During the review period, forest law enforcement in Indonesia was updated. Law No. 41/1999 on Forestry and Law No. 5/1990 on Conservation of Living Resources and their Ecosystems define a range of forest crimes and the associated penalties, from fines to prison terms. Law No. 18/2013 on the Prevention and Eradication of Forest Destruction was aimed at strengthening forest law enforcement by: targeting organized forest crime; expanding the scope of the Law on Forestry to include oil palm plantations and mining in forested areas; and allowing the utilization of corporate criminal liabilities. In line with the Law, in 2015, the MoEF established the Directorate General of Law Enforcement (DGLE). Forest law enforcement adopted a so-called multi-door strategy, a multi-agency coordination framework for investigation that responds to forest crimes with a broader range of offences; enforcement involves the MoEF, the MoF, the Attorney General, the National Police, and the Indonesian Transaction Reporting and Analysis Center. Enforcement operations target three types of illegal forest activities: forest area encroachment; illegal logging; and illegal wildlife trade. In 2018, the MoEF indicated that enforcement operations are undertaken after receiving reports from field officers, communities or non-government organizations. Between January 2015 and June 2020, 424 forest area encroachment cases, 373 illegal logging cases, and 264 illegal wildlife trading cases were being handled. (...)
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Conservation
Eco
Forest
Wildlife
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