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3.208. Over the review period, Indonesia acceded to the following WIPO-administered treaties: (...) With respect to IP-related multilateral treaties, over the review period, it acceded to the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity (in 2014). (...)

3.210. Key changes introduced by the Patent Law are: (...) (xi) new provisions requiring that inventions related to genetic resources and/or derived from traditional knowledge clearly specify the origin of the genetic resource and/or traditional knowledge in the patent; (...)

3.219. The main changes introduced by the new Law are: (...) (vi) more severe criminal sanctions, to provide protection for registered trademark owners from trademark infringement, particularly infringement endangering human health or the environment, (...)

4.2. (...) A new form of production-sharing contract, based on gross production split, replaced the 2008 cost recovery scheme. Significant changes to the fuel subsidy policy allowed for considerable reduction in the entire energy subsidy bill. The scope of the electricity subsidy was also reduced, thus lowering the subsidy amount disbursed; electricity tariffs continue to differ, depending on the end-user, thus retaining a cross-subsidization element. Action was taken to address new and renewable energy source challenges, including electricity tariffs and pricing, and the mandatory biodiesel policy.

4.5. (...) New developments in the tourism sector included (...) efforts to increase the sustainability and quality of tourism businesses; (...)

4.11. During the review period, the wider agricultural policy framework was largely based on the 2015–19 National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN). (...) The 2015–19 RPJMN promoted: the rehabilitation of 3 million ha of irrigated land; development of 1 million ha of new irrigation systems; adoption of sustainable approaches to farming on displaced and marginal land; development of farm roads; increased adoption of environmentally friendly technologies for food crops; improved farmer welfare; farmer protection through agricultural insurance; increased productivity; (...) Water security was also a central pillar of the Plan, focusing on: improving land-use planning and management; rehabilitating degraded land; increasing water storage, including the construction of 49 new dams; reducing flood areas by 200,000 ha; and improving water quality. (...)

4.12. On a strictly sectoral basis, Indonesia's first long-term agricultural development plan, the Grand Strategy of Agricultural Development 2015–2045, is aimed at promoting a sustainable agriculture industry. (...) Accordingly, the MoA (see below) focused on extensive investment in infrastructure, extension services, and adaptation to environmental risks. (...) Agricultural production would be determined by consumption needs, to fulfil a Desirable Dietary Pattern (DDP score 95.2 in 2024), build a resilient food system, and encompass the sustainable development goal (SDG) target in the national target. It is to focus on five major programmes, consisting of: increased food security by considering eco-friendly agriculture and food safety; increased production focus on rice, corn, soybeans, meat, chilis, and shallots; increased productivity, improved welfare of agricultural human resources; increased sustainability of the productivity of agricultural resources; (...)

4.17. In line with its commitment under the United Nations Convention of Biological Diversity, the Indonesia Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan for 2015-20 addresses biodiversity management, with a focus on strengthening productivity, national competitiveness and economic self-sufficiency. To make agriculture, forestry and fisheries more productive and sustainable, the Plan proposes: expansion and sustainable management of lands for agriculture, plantations and animal husbandry; improvement of production and productivity of environmentally friendly agricultural products; increased production and productivity of sustainable plantation crops; development of an environmentally friendly horticultural plant protection system; improvement of the quarantine system and its quality for agricultural, animal, and fisheries products; security of biodiversity; development of a forestry plan and improvement of forestry areas; and sustainable management of protected forests. In order to enable more inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems, actions are directed towards supporting the biodiverse trading system, by developing a standard on the sustainable trading of biodiverse products; setting up a cooperative model among stakeholders, taking into consideration the existential security and identity of Indonesian biodiversity and the utilization of all resources; and improving human resources and science and technology that support the utilization of biodiversity as a source of people's welfare.

4.20. Under Law No. 19 of 2013 on the Protection and Empowerment of Farmers, requirements for agricultural activities to benefit from financial assistance were set out. The Law, inter alia, covers (...) modern and sustainable farming enterprise; (...)

4.21. PR No. 86 of 2018 on Agrarian Reform was issued to reduce inequality in land tenure and ownership, in order to (...) improve and maintain the quality of the environment. (...)