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Table 3.13 Overview of social and environmental standards use in TDI, 2019-21
(No. of cases, except as otherwise indicated)
(...)
Cost of compliance with environmental agreements and labour conventions incorporated: (2019)1, (2020) 2, (2021) 5
(...)

3.115. The European Union maintains 16 categories of goods where export measures are imposed on a regular basis, mostly maintained due to various international conventions established for conservation or protection reasons. The main development during the period was the imposition of many temporary restraints and surveillance measures, the majority of which were in respect of goods related to the COVID-19 pandemic. There were also amendments of CITES coverage, (...)

3.116. Export restrictions, prohibitions, and licensing requirements mainly impact the chemicals and fishery sectors where numerous international conventions often dictate measures for the protection of human, plant, or animals, e.g. the Montreal Protocol, CITES, and the Rotterdam Convention. The fishery measures are mostly certificates or licences for conservation of fish stocks. All the measures have been in place for many years, and most were notified during the period as quantitative restrictions (Table 3.15).

3.117. Changes to the existing export measures during the review period were mainly minor updates. With respect to the Regulation on drug precursors, amended in 2020 and 2022, new chemicals were added to its coverage; a similar update was made to the Regulation on hazardous chemicals, where there were amendments to the annexes on product coverage; (...) the annexes to the Regulation on wastes were amended to include certain plastics' wastes as a result of the Basel Convention amendments; (...)

Table 3.15 Prohibitions, restrictions, or licensing on exports, 2022
(...)
Product: Substances that deplete the ozone layer
Measure: Prohibition/restriction
Number of CN lines: 91
Rationale: Montreal Protocol
Legislation: Regulation (EC) 1005/2009 and Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/605
(...)

Table 3.15 Prohibitions, restrictions, or licensing on exports, 2022
(...)
Product: Certain hazardous chemicals
Measure: Prohibition/restriction
Number of CN lines: 140
Rationale: Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade; Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants
Legislation: Regulation (EU) 649/2012; and Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/643
(...)

Table 3.15 Prohibitions, restrictions, or licensing on exports, 2022
(...)
Product: Fluorinated greenhouse gases, their mixtures and concerned products and equipment
Measure: Prohibition/licensing
Number of CN lines: ..
Rationale: Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, as last amended and adjusted
Legislation: Regulation (EU) 517/2014
(...)

Table 3.15 Prohibitions, restrictions, or licensing on exports, 2022
(...)
Product: Certain animal and plant species
Measure: Prohibition/restriction/licensing
Number of CN lines: 633
Rationale: CITES
Legislation: Council Regulation (EC) 338/97; Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/2117; and Regulation (EU) 2019/1010
(...)

Table 3.15 Prohibitions, restrictions, or licensing on exports, 2022
(...)
Product: Mercury, mercury compounds, and mercury waste
Measure: Prohibited
Number of CN lines: 38
Rationale: Minamata Convention on Mercury
Legislation: Regulation (EU) 2017/852
(...)

Table 3.15 Prohibitions, restrictions, or licensing on exports, 2022
(...)
Product: Wastes
Measure: Prohibition/restriction
Number of CN lines: 717
Rationale: Basel Convention for the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste and their Disposal; OECD Decision on the control of transboundary movements of wastes destined for recovery operations
Legislation: Regulation (EC) 1013/2006 and its amendments
(...)