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Box 4.1 Fisheries conservation measures, 2018-20
2. January 2019 – List of IUU fishing vessels approved by relevant regional fishery organizations provided by MARA and Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Communications, the General Administration of Customs (GACC), and other domestic departments and commercial and fishing ports. Objectives: to implement Port State Measures and tackle illegal fishing activities. This list was updated in June 2020.

Box 4.1 Fisheries conservation measures, 2018-20
5. April 2020 – Revised Regulations on the Management of Pelagic Fishery implemented. Objectives: to strengthen supervision and management, and sustainable utilization of fishery resources; and to prevent IUU fishing activities.

Box 4.1 Fisheries conservation measures, 2018-20
6. May 2020 – Notice on Strengthening the Management of High-Seas Transfer of Pelagic Fisheries issued by MARA. Objectives: to further standardize high-seas transfer activities and promote scientific conservation of high-seas fishery resources.

Box 4.1 Fisheries conservation measures, 2018-20
7. July 2020 – Government implementation of a fishing moratorium on high-seas squid fisheries and take all-around management measures to protect high-seas squid resources and spawning population. Objective: to strengthen conservation of high-seas squid resources.

Table 4.16 Mining industry foreign investment regime, 2017 and 2020
Encouraged
2017: Development and application of new technologies for enhancing utilization rate of mine tailings and the comprehensive application of ecological restoration technology in mining areas
2020: Same as in 2017

4.56. China is the world's largest energy producer and consumer. (...) China's energy consumption structure continued to change during the review period, as the proportion of coal declined, accounting for 57.7% of the total energy consumption, down from 63.8% in 2015. Petroleum accounts for 18.9%, natural gas accounts for 8.1%, and primary electricity and other energy such as hydropower, nuclear power, and wind power account for 15.3%.

4.58. The National Energy Commission (NEC), headed by the Premier of the State Council, acts as the coordinating and consultation body responsible for drafting the national energy strategy, and reviews key issues associated with national energy security and development (...) [44].

[44] In principle, the NEA has a broad mandate over the whole energy sector, i.e. coal, oil, gas, electricity (including nuclear power), new energy, and renewable energy (including hydropower). The NEA is also the regulator of the oil refinery, coal fuel, and fuel ethanol industries.

4.60. The authorities state that China regards the development of clean and low carbon energy as the main direction for adjusting the energy mix. China intends to gradually reduce its proportion of coal consumption, increase its proportion of non-fossil energy consumption, reduce carbon dioxide and pollutant emission levels, and optimize the distribution of energy production. The country is actively pursuing a policy of decoupling of economic growth and energy consumption, through increased energy efficiency. In the context of the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development (2016-20), the national objective for the reduction of energy consumption per unit of GDP is 15%, and intermediary objectives are set on an annual basis. (...)

4.61. The 13th Five-Year Plan for Energy Development represents the basic outline of China's energy policy for 2016-20. It aims to optimize China's energy system, promote energy product and consumption reform, and build a clean, decarbonized, safe, and efficient modern energy system. Along the same lines, Five-Year Plans have been launched for energy subcategories such as electricity, coal, natural gas, renewable energy, and energy technology.

4.62. The broader objectives set for green and low-carbon energy development in the 13th Five Year Plan for Energy Development include that by 2020: (i) the proportion of non-fossil energies in total energy consumption should be over 15%; and (ii) the carbon dioxide emission per unit of GDP should decrease by 18% compared with that in 2005. In the context of this Review, the authorities state that at the 75th United Nations General Assembly in September 2020, China pledged that it would strive to have carbon dioxide emissions peak by 2030 and to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Furthermore, China announced that the carbon dioxide emission per unit of GDP should decrease by 65% compared with the level of 2005, and the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption should reach about 25%. According to the authorities, as at 2019, non-fossil energy and natural gas accounted for 15.3% and 8.1%, respectively, of total energy consumption.