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3.278. The legal framework for the protection of new plant varieties is provided for by the Regulations on the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (1997) and a body of implementing rules (Table A3.5). China acceded to the 1978 Act of the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants in 1999.

4.5. (...) The Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) was renamed the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) (...) MARA took over the responsibilities of the MOA, as well as the management responsibilities for the agricultural investment projects of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the comprehensive agricultural development projects of the Ministry of Finance, the farmland investment projects of the Ministry of Land and Resources, and the farmland water conservancy construction projects of the Ministry of Water Resources.

Table 4.4 Main agriculture-related laws, December 2020
Law (date of last amendment)
Coverage: Principles for agriculture development, management, and preservation. Agriculture encompasses crop-plantation, forestry, animal husbandry, and fisheries.

4.10. The main agricultural strategy in China is the Strategic Plan for Rural Revitalization (2018 22) released in 2018. (...) According to the authorities, the Plan gives priority to agricultural and rural development, and the overall requirement of making the countryside prosperous in terms of industrial development, liveable in terms of ecological environment, (...).

4.11. Policy objectives for modernizing the agricultural sector are also contained in China's 13th Five Year Plan for Economic and Social Development (2016-20), (...) It also contains goals for developing the agricultural biotechnology segment, including genetically modified crops. (...). Other areas of focus include encouraging clean agricultural production, developing a three year action plan to protect and restore the rural environment, promoting rural culture, and improving transport infrastructure, utilities, and public service delivery.

Table 4.9 Central Government fiscal appropriations for the agriculture sector, 2018
Title Legal basis: Fund for development of agriculture MOF Circular Cai Nong No. 41, 2017
Objective(s): To promote agricultural production, optimize industrial structure, facilitate integration of industries, and improve agricultural efficiency
Subsidy: Provided to farmers, family farms, farmer cooperatives, and agriculture machinery service providers for green and efficient technology promotion service and agricultural production development
Start date: 2017
Budgetary allotments (CNY million): 2018: 193,650

Table 4.9 Central Government fiscal appropriations for the agriculture sector, 2018
Title Legal basis: Subsidy for agricultural comprehensive development MOF Decree No. 60 (date not provided)
Objective(s): To strengthen agricultural infrastructure and ecological construction, (...).
Subsidy: Provided to local governments for eligible agricultural comprehensive development projects
Start date: 1988
Budgetary allotments (CNY million): 2018: 39,540

Table 4.9 Central Government fiscal appropriations for the agriculture sector, 2018
Title Legal basis: Fund for water resources development (for farmland water and soil conservation projects) MOF Circular Cai Nong No. 181, 2016
Objective(s): To support rural areas to develop small farmland water conservation projects to prevent water and soil erosion
Subsidy: Provided to provincial governments for farmland water and soil conservation projects
Start date: 1983
Budgetary allotments (CNY million): 2018: 30,694.76

Table 4.9 Central Government fiscal appropriations for the agriculture sector, 2018
Title Legal basis: Fund for disaster prevention and relief for agriculture, flood control, and drought MOF Circular Cai Nong No. 91, 2017
Objective(s): To support the response to agricultural disasters, floods, and droughts
Subsidy: To be allocated to beneficiaries that are to be determined in accordance with the disaster situation
Start date: 2017
Budgetary allotments (CNY million): 2018: 7,060.5

Table 4.9 Central Government fiscal appropriations for the agriculture sector, 2018
Title Legal basis: Fund for agricultural resources and ecological protection
MOF Circular Cai Nong No. 42, 2017
Objective(s): To be used for agricultural resource conservation, ecological protection, and benefit compensation
Subsidy: Provided to provincial governments to be allocated to eligible farmers, herdsmen, new types of agricultural entities, and units and individuals that undertake project tasks
Start date: 2017
Budgetary allotments (CNY million): 2018: 24,536