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34. (...) Furthermore, some manufacturing activities were added to the list of encouraged industries, (...) key components of industrial robots, new energy vehicles , and intelligent vehicles. (...).

1.5. Under its 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development (2021-25), China aims to achieve "sustained and healthy" economic development in 2021-25, (...) the Plan lays out a 15-year goal to raise per capita GDP levels to those of a moderately developed country by 2035, while strengthening China's technological capacities, developing a robust domestic market, and reaffirming a significant green transformation of production and lifestyles.

Table 1.2 GDP by sector, 2015-20
Share of main sectors in current GDP (%)
Services: Other [b]
2015: 14.7
2016: 15.4
2017: 15.6
2018: 15.9
2019: 16.4
2020: 16.5
[b] Includes scientific research and technical services; water, environment, and public facilities management;

1.40. (...) Until 2017, China was the leading importer of plastic waste (totalling USD 3,263 million), but since then it has reduced its imports to USD 49 million in 2018, USD 0.5 million in 2019, and USD 0.1 million in 2020.

Table 1.6 Inward foreign direct investment by main sectors, 2015-19
(USD billion)
Water conservancy, environment and public facilities
2015:0.43
2016: 0.42
2017: 0.57
2018: 0.47
2019: 0.52; % of total FDI: 0.4%

Table 1.8 Outward FDI by main sectors, 2015-19
(USD billion)
Water conservancy, environment and public facilities
2015:1.37
2016: 0.85
2017: 0.22
2018: 0.18
2019: 0.27; % of total FDI: 0.2%

2.10. The Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM)is mainly responsible for the coordination and implementation of trade-related investment and economic cooperation policies. (...) Other Ministries involved in trade policy formulation and implementation include those in charge of: agriculture, ecology and environment, finance, industry and information technology, and transportation.

2.19. During the review period, as reflected in several measures, China attached great importance to addressing climate change issues. The authorities indicate that the country implements an active national strategy on climate change and has achieved positive results through a series of measures, such as industrial restructuring, energy structure optimization, energy conservation and efficiency improvement, the establishment of a carbon emissions trading market, and expanding the forest carbon sink. They also expect that China will reach a peak in carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060.

2.25. (...) On 12 November 2018, the Protocol to Update the Free Trade Agreement between China and Singapore was signed; (...) The Protocol revised the original agreement in six areas; (...) furthermore, it added e commerce, competition policy, and environment to the Agreement.

2.30. On 26 January 2021, the Protocol to Upgrade the Free Trade Agreement between China and New Zealand was signed; (...) The Upgrade Protocol revised the original agreement in five areas (...); furthermore, it added e commerce, government procurement, competition policy, and environment and trade chapters to the Agreement.