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5.149. To support the development of eco-friendly and high-efficiency ships, MOTIE plans to establish a mid- to long-term roadmap to respond to LNG demand, and build infrastructure for LNG bunkering at the ports of Busan, Ulsan, Gwangyang, Incheon, and Pyeongtaek by 2025. The authorities state that the construction of LNG bunkering at Ulsan Port started. In 2019, the MOF revised the Marine Environment Management Act to accommodate IMO's SOx content in ship fuel (SOx 0.5% or less).

5.151. In addition, local governments offer support for the installation of LNG-fuelled equipment developed by domestic companies in local government vessels. According to the authorities, this is to replace old government ships with eco-friendly ones.

5.233. Following the bankruptcy of Hanjin Shipping – once one of the world's top 10 shipping companies – in February 2017, MOF announced its five-year plan in April 2018 to rebuild the shipping industry. The Plan aims to: (...) restore shipping competitiveness by increasing the number of low-cost and high efficiency ships, expanding the national flag fleet with an additional 200 new vessels including ultra large container ships, and supporting the introduction of eco-friendly ships; (...).

5.235. The Government has also been making efforts to build a global maritime power hub by (...) developing technology to build eco-friendly vessels and supporting vessels going green. Progress made includes: (i) adjusting overlapped routes and developing new routes; (ii) providing subsidies (to shipping lines) to replace coastal cargo ships by eco-friendly vessels, with a target to build up to 100 green vessels by 2022; (iii) establishing infrastructure for LNG-powered vessels; (iv) rehabilitating the shipbuilding industry by localizing materials for marine plants until 2022 (...).

5.236. The MOF prepared the Act on the Development and Promotion of Eco-friendly Vessels, effective from January 2020, with a view to reducing marine pollution. The Government's National Plan for the Development and Popularization of Green Ship (2021-30), which was announced on 23 December 2020 and officially named the 2030 Green Ship-K Promotion Strategy, was based on this Act. This strategy aims to develop advanced green ship technologies to help phase out greenhouse gas emissions by up to 70% by 2030. The authorities indicate that, with the implementation of this strategy, Korea is expected to lead the drive to create a sustainable and eco friendly shipping industry, by renovating 15% (528 ships of 3,542) of the ships into eco-friendly ones, or "green ships".

5.246. Ports are state owned and are regulated by the MOF. Under its 2030 Port Policy and Implementation Strategy, the MOF aims to build high value-added smart ports with global competitiveness. The Strategy aims to ensure sustainability by implementing up-to-date port automation and digitalization, supporting going green, and expanding port facilities and achieving coexistence between ports and communities.

Table A2.1 Notifications to the WTO, 1 July 2016-1 July 2021
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (latest document)
Agreement/Article: Article 2.10
Requirement: Notification of measures affecting environment
Symbol and date of latest notification: G/TBT/N/KOR/933, 22/10/2020

Table A3.7 Domestic agricultural support notified to the WTO, 2018
Green box assistance (KRW billion)
Payments for relief from natural disasters: 201.96
Environmental programmes: 538.62

2.2. China unswervingly upholds the concept of innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development. (...).

2.3. China proposes to accelerate efforts to foster a new development paradigm with domestic circulation as the mainstay and domestic and international circulations reinforcing each other. (...) By fully tapping the potential of domestic demand, the new development paradigm serves to better connect the domestic and international markets, makes better use of both international and domestic markets and resources, and achieves stronger and more sustainable development. (...).