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4.7. Other entities participating in the formulation and implementation of agricultural policy include: the Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (MARENA), responsible for the management and sustainable use of natural resources and the conservation of biodiversity [6] (...)

[6] MARENA's functions include operation of the National System of Protected Areas and the Environmental Assessment System.

4.9. (...) The Nicaraguan Fishing and Aquaculture Institute (INPESCA) is responsible for formulating and implementing the policy for harnessing hydrobiological resources in Nicaragua. INPESCA also has responsibility for issuing fishing and resource utilization permits. Under the current regulatory framework, traditional (small scale) fishing is reserved exclusively for Nicaraguan nationals. (...)

4.10. The National Human Development Programme (PNDH) 2018 21 defines the main objectives for the [Agriculture and Fisheries] sector: to increase its production, productivity, quality and value added under sustainable conditions; and to promote good practices for the capture, processing and marketing of fishery and aquaculture resources. Strategies implemented during the review period included: (...) protecting Mother Earth and adapting to climate change; (...) and sustainably transforming the livestock sector.

4.11. During the review period, Nicaragua established legal frameworks for the conservation and sustainable development of biological diversity [10] (...)

[10] Law No. 807 on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity, published in La Gaceta No. 200 of 19 October 2012.

4.22. All natural resources in Nicaragua are property of the State. The Ministry of Energy and Mining (MEM) is responsible for formulating and executing national policy for the rational and sustainable development of extractive mining resources. (...)

4.23. MEM grants mining concessions with a maximum surface area of 50,000 hectares (...) The concessionaire must comply with rules pertaining to the environment, hygiene, workplace safety and social responsibility.

4.25. The Nicaraguan Mines Company (ENIMINAS), a public enterprise under the direction of MEM, was established in 2017 with the aim of conducting exploration and rational exploitation of mining resources in Nicaragua. Two funds were established: (...) the Mine Monitoring and Surveillance Fund, to finance monitoring and control of the mining sector, including environmental protection. These funds receive 15% and 10%, respectively, of revenues generated by royalties from the concessionaires.

4.28. Oil and biofuels dominate Nicaragua's energy matrix, generating approximately 42% and 38%, respectively, of total primary energy supply (STEP) in 2018 (Chart 4.1). In addition to biomass, the country's renewable energy sources include, in order of importance, geothermal, wind, hydraulic and solar. The authorities estimate that as at December 2019, Nicaragua was tapping 12.5% of its approximately 4,500 MW in potential for renewable energy generation. (...)

4.30. The main areas covered up by the National Human Development Programme (PNDH) for 2018-21, as far as the energy sector is concerned, include: (...) diversification of the energy mix for electricity generation; increases in electricity generating capacity; facilitation of research on and access to non polluting energy technologies (...)

4.31. Nicaragua launched several reforms during the 2012 20 period to strengthen the energy sector and attract new investment, including the approval of legal frameworks for distributed electricity generation and more rational and efficient energy use. [30]

[30] Law No. 956 on Energy Efficiency, published in La Gaceta No. 128 of 7 July 2017.