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7. (...). In addition, Ghana resorts to a host of other taxes and levies on imports, and their number has grown since the last Review. These taxes levied on most imports include the ECOWAS Levy (0.5%), African Union Levy (0.2%), Environmental Tax (10%), Ghana Export Import Bank Levy (0.75%), Ghana Education Fund Levy (2.5%), COVID 19 Health Recovery Levy (1%), National Health Insurance Levy (2.5% on imports and domestic goods/services), Sanitation and Pollution Levy (specific), and Special Petroleum Tax (specific), as well as four Energy Sector Levies. Combined, all of these levies significantly increase the costs of imports into Ghana.

10. Ghana maintains import prohibitions on unprocessed logs and certain pharmaceuticals, as well as prohibitions based on, inter alia, health, safety, SPS and environmental grounds. (...). Ghana has also notified the WTO SPS Committee of its new biosafety and meat inspection rules.

18. Ghana has introduced a new local participation and local content policy aimed at increasing the share of "indigenous" companies in the oil, gas, and electricity sectors, including renewable energy. Although only about 2% of the electricity comes from renewables other than hydropower, foreign investment in renewables is subject to an indigenous Ghanaian equity participation of 15% at the start of a new project, rising to a mandatory Ghanaian majority stake of 51% after 10 years; ongoing projects are also affected.

Table 2.1 Selected trade-related laws and regulations adopted since 2014
Area: SPS measures
Legislation: Biosafety (Management of Biotechnology) Regulations, 2018
Official website: n.a.

Table 2.1 Selected trade-related laws and regulations adopted since 2014
Area: Forestry; Legislation: Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) licensing scheme; Official website: www.bcp.gov.gh
Area: Forestry; Legislation: Timber Resource Management and Legality Licensing Regulations, 2017 (L.I. 2254); Official website: www.lgs.gov.gh

3.33. (...) Guyana has adopted a local content policy, especially for the oil and gas sector, but will also influence other economic sectors. Research and development remain at the centre of Government's initiative to promote and strengthen the emerging sectors for them to be key in enhancing production levels. It is the Government's commitment for these sectors to provide employment and jobs, especially to the youth and help to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and reduce poverty besides reducing the country's vulnerability to external shocks.

5.8. (...) The rice industry has continued to grow over the years although the sector continues to experience flooding and climate change related challenges which increase costs. (...)

5.11. (...) Guyana's 2013 Low Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS) included several now completed initiatives including the expansion of Guyana's fibre optic capability, support for call centres and business process outsourcing, and completion of telecommunications liberalization.

13. (...) Support to entrepreneurs has been provided under the Micro and Small Enterprise Development Programme, the Green Business Technology Fund, and an emergency Small Business COVID-19 Relief Programme administered by the Small Business Bureau.

Table 1.1. Basic economic indicators, 2015-20:
(...)
Employment by economic activity (% of total employment):
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities: (2015) .., (2016) .., (2017) 1.1, (2018) 1.0, (2019) 1.1, (2020) 0.8
(...)