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Table 3.10. Switzerland and Liechtenstein: Selected products subject to import prohibitions, 2021:
Products; Legal basis (agreement); Purpose:
(...)
Ozone depleting substances; Federal Law on Protection against Dangerous Substances and Preparations (RS 813.1), and Federal Law on the Protection of the Environment (RS 814.01); Environmental protection
(...)

3.49. Switzerland and Liechtenstein: Licences are also required for: (i) imports of species covered by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora; (ii) reproductive forestry materials; (...) (viii) nuclear fuels, residues, and wastes; radioactive materials; (ix) mercury; (x) dangerous waste; (xi) dual use goods; (xii) certain dangerous chemical and pesticide goods; and (xiii) ozone depleting substances.

3.55. Switzerland and Liechtenstein: Export tariffs are provided for in the Federal Law on Customs Tariffs (Article 5), which gives the Federal Council the authority to raise rates in extraordinary circumstances or reduce or suspend their application. The items, in principle, subject to the export tariff are contained in the tariff book (Part 2); they are mostly scrap and waste metals and rough wood. However, in practice, tariffs on these items have been suspended. (...)

3.57. As at the time of its previous Review, Switzerland and Liechtenstein maintain restrictions and prohibitions on exports based on foreign and security policy (see below) and on some goods on the grounds of safety, security, the environment, and compliance with international conventions and treaties. These controls largely apply to products also subject to import controls (Section 3.1.4). (...)

3.184. The protection, use, and guardianship of mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge system) and other tāonga (tangible and intangible Māori treasures), including the relationships of the Māori indigenous people of New Zealand with the flora and fauna of New Zealand, are important considerations in the evolution of New Zealand's IP system. (...)

3.185. (...). The Government and Māori are working together to address the protection, use, and development of mātauranga Māori and other tāonga, and in doing so, delivering enduring economic, social, environmental, and cultural benefits for Aotearoa New Zealand.

3.186. (...) The Government is also pursuing, in the context of a comprehensive bioprospecting policy, the Waitangi Tribunal's recommendation that patent applicants be required to disclose the origin of genetic resources and traditional knowledge.

3.198. The Bill [new Plant Variety Rights Bill] would update the existing regime in several ways. It would qualify the scope of protectable subject matter to new distinct varieties that are clearly distinguishable from any other variety whose existence is common knowledge as of the application date. It would recognize essentially derived varieties and provide some recognition for an initial variety from which a new variety is predominantly derived. It would also expand exclusive rights to include importing and exporting propagating material of the protected variety, conditioning for the purpose of propagation, and stocking for the purpose of any restricted activity. It would also extend rights to harvested material in certain circumstances where the material was obtained through unauthorized use of propagating material. The term of protection would also be increased from 20 to 25 years for woody plants. A public interest test would be introduced for the issuance of compulsory licences. A Māori Plant Varieties Committee would be created to make decisions on applications concerning indigenous plant species and non indigenous plant species of significance, among other responsibilities.

4.2. (...) There are a number of strategies aimed at increasing productivity, including "Fit for a Better World", which set actions to bring together opportunities that the Government considers will accelerate the productivity, sustainability, and inclusiveness of the primary sector.

4.5. Under the Biosecurity Act 1993, animal and plant products (risk goods) cannot be imported into New Zealand unless an import health standard (IHS) has been developed for that product. IHSs state the requirements that have to be met before importing risk goods into New Zealand (...)