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3.9. Switzerland and Liechtenstein: Goods are selected for physical or documentary inspection mainly based on risk criteria recorded in the customs clearance and pre-clearance systems. These include: (i) certain categories of goods (e.g. where the tariff number is known to be mis-declared in order to evade import duties, products subject to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flores (CITES), cultural goods, products and equipment containing fluorinated greenhouse gases (...)

3.44. As at the time of the previous Review, Switzerland and Liechtenstein continue to apply import prohibitions largely for reasons of security, health, and protection of the environment (...)

Table 3.10. Switzerland and Liechtenstein: Selected products subject to import prohibitions, 2021:
Products; Legal basis (agreement); Purpose:
Endangered species and their products; Federal Law on the Movement of Protected Species of Fauna and Flora (RS 453), Federal Law on Fishing (RS 923.0), and Federal Law on Hunting (RS 922.0); Environmental protection
(...)
Fish coming from illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing; Federal Law on the Movement of Protected Species of Flora and Fauna (Ordonnance sur le contrôle de l'origine licite des produits de la pêche maritime importés (RS 453.2)); Prevention of IUU fishing
(...)
Certain plants (including certain seeds), certain plants for planting, tubers of Solanum spp (including potatoes), certain living parts of plants (including certain fruits and vegetables), certain bark, and soil are permanently or temporarily subject to an import prohibition (depending on the country of origin); Ordinance on the Protection of Plants against Particularly Dangerous Harmful Organisms (Plant Health Ordinance, PgesV, RS 916.20)
Interdepartmental Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER) and Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communication (DETEC) Ordinance on the Plant Health Ordinance (RS 916.201)
Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG) Ordinance on Phytosanitary Measures for Agriculture and Horticulture (RS 916.202.1)
Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) Ordinance on Phytosanitary Measures for Forests (RS 916.202.2); Plant health (prohibition concerns high risk commodities)
(...)

Table 3.10. Switzerland and Liechtenstein: Selected products subject to import prohibitions, 2021:
Products; Legal basis (agreement); Purpose:
(...)
Mercury and products containing mercury; Federal Law on the Protection of the Environment (RS 814.01); Environmental protection and human health protection
(...)
Certain mercury containing carbon zinc batteries and alkali manganese batteries/accumulators; Ordinance on the Reduction of Risks relating to the Use of Certain Particularly Dangerous Substances, Preparations and Articles (RS 814.81); Environmental protection
(...)

Table 3.10. Switzerland and Liechtenstein: Selected products subject to import prohibitions, 2021:
Products; Legal basis (agreement); Purpose:
(...)
Certain dangerous chemical and pesticide products; Federal Law on the Protection Against Dangerous Substances and Preparations (RS 813.1); Environmental protection and human health protection
(...)
Certain toxic and/or environmentally hazardous chemical substances; Ordinance on the Reduction of Risks relating to the Use of Certain Particularly Dangerous Substances, Preparations and Articles (RS 814.81); Environmental protection and public health and safety
(...)

Table 3.10. Switzerland and Liechtenstein: Selected products subject to import prohibitions, 2021:
Products; Legal basis (agreement); Purpose:
(...)
Certain dangerous waste; Federal Law on the Protection of the Environment (RS 814.01); Environment protection
(...)

3.161. Additional context and guidance primarily linked with the broader outcomes have been added to the new version of the Rules [Updated Government Procurement Rules] from 2019. These include but are not limited to: (...) (iii) procuring entities must require their suppliers to ensure and demonstrate that they, and their domestic supply chain, comply with all relevant employment standards and health and safety requirements [112]. [112] For more details, see Rule 19 on Improving Conditions for New Zealand Workers. Another sustainability-related norm is included in Rule 20 on Transitioning to a Net-Zero Emissions Economy and Designing Waste Out of the System, which mandates procuring entities to support the procurement of low waste and low-emissions goods and services.

3.162. In May 2021, two new Rules were approved by the Cabinet. Rule 12A allows the declaration of national, regional, or sectoral procurement response measures, including measures in response to a social, economic, or environmental crisis that follows an emergency period or that is not otherwise an emergency situation. Such measures must be consistent with New Zealand's international commitments on government procurement. (...).

3.175. The Government has been developing a Research, Science and Innovation (RSI) Strategy since 2018. (...). In 2014, approximately two thirds of New Zealand's R&D expenditures were on manufacturing, primary industries, ICT, health, and environment. (...)

3.180. (...) New Zealand has been a party to the 1978 Act of the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV Convention) since 1981, and the Convention on Biological Diversity since 1993. (...)