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2.31. (...) As at the end of May 2021, Liechtenstein had fully transposed all EU directives and regulations, except for three directives relating to mutual recognition of professionals, the environment (both outstanding for more than two years), and intellectual property.

Box 2.1. Liechtenstein's Market Control and Surveillance Mechanism:
(...) The Market Control and Surveillance Mechanism (MCSM) applies to professional traders, i.e. distributors/dealers/importers, and to three categories of goods (LGBl. 2009/394, Annex 1): (i) products on which Swiss and European Economic Area (EEA) import requirements remain different (e.g., chemicals/goods hazardous to the environment, genetically modified organisms (...)

2.37. (...) a new agreement between Switzerland and the European Union entered into force in January 2020 to couple the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading schemes of the European Union and Switzerland, and a new EU Switzerland Joint Committee was established in this regard. [53]
[53] Federal Office for the Environment, Linking the Swiss and EU Emissions Trading Systems. Viewed at: https://www.bafu.admin.ch/bafu/en/home/topics/climate/info specialists/reduction measures/ets/linking swiss eu.html; and Fedlex. Viewed at: https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/fr/sector specific agreements/joint committees decisions register/23.

Table 2.6. Switzerland's main bilateral agreements with the European Union, 2021:
Agreement (date of entry into force for Switzerland): (...) Bilateral Agreements II (2005)
Coverage: (... ) Agreements on (...) environment (...)

2.42. Together with its European Economic Area (EEA) European Free Trade Association (EFTA) partners, Liechtenstein concluded a Separation Agreement with the United Kingdom, which has been provisionally applied since 1 January 2021. (...) The agreement covers the full range of trade in (...) sustainable development. (...)

2.48. Switzerland is open to investment, although restrictions persist in a few activities where state monopolies operate (namely rail transport, postal, insurance, and commercial services). There are also domicile requirements in the areas of (...) hydroelectric and nuclear power (...)

2.51. (...) various strategies exist to digitally transform government services and render them more efficient and cost effective. The latter include Digital Switzerland [80] (...)
[80] Federal Council, Digital Switzerland Strategy. The strategy defines 41 goals in 9 fields of action: (...) environment protection, natural resources, and energy (...)

Table 3.16 Illustrative list of firms with state participation, 2021.
Crown research institutes: (...); Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited; Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited; (...)

Table 3.16 Illustrative list of firms with state participation, 2021
Public Finance Act Schedule 4A Companies: (...); New Zealand Green Investment Finance Limited; (...)

3.160. Updated Government Procurement Rules came into effect on 1 October 2019. (...). Currently, there are four broader outcomes to be considered by procuring entities in their procurement strategies, individual procurement procedures, and at the contract management stage:
• (...),
• reduction of emission and waste.