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Licensing applies to imports of hazardous wastes, among other products

International equivalence remains high in, inter alia, management systems and environmental quality; while more than 42 product categories including cement, petrol, matches, break fluids, sanitary tubes, tyres, car windshields, security glass, steel frames, household appliances, electricity transformers, spark plugs, incandescent light bulbs, and motor vehicles are subject to national INEN standards for health, safety, and environmental protection purposes

Ecuador maintains export restrictions on certain products pursuant to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

Special economic development zones (ZEDE) may be established, including for biodiversity, electronic innovation, energy or environmental improvement projects and technology

Since October 2010, the National Secretariat for Science and Technology (SENACYT) has provided funding of up to 100% to targeted research projects in six strategic areas, including, inter alia, agricultural development, environment, and natural resources

The 2008 Constitution requires state-owned enterprises to be established to ensure the management of strategic sectors, the provision of public services, the sustainable use of natural resources or public goods, and development of other economic activities

The 2008 Constitution reinforced protection of IPR (particularly domestic IPR) by prohibiting all forms of appropriation of collective knowledge in the areas of science, technology, and ancestral knowledge; and the appropriation of resources containing genetic biodiversity and agri-biodiversity

Under the 2008 Constitution, and the 2009 Law on the Food Security and Sovereignty Regime 10 the Government regulates the use of and access to land, which should comply with social and environmental policy objectives

To address profitability and sustainability, Ecuador has imposed a fishing and export ban on certain species, and a limitation on the construction and imports of new fishing boats, except for replacement boats

The main objectives of the May 2011 National Mining Development Plan consist of encouraging the development of the sector in observance of the national interest, and promoting an economically viable, socially just, environmentally responsible, and technically developed mining industry for the rational utilization of mineral resources and the creation of new development areas