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4.51.   A boom in the mining of bauxite – the largely unregulated production rose 100-fold between 2013 and 2015 – came to an end in January 2016 when a temporary ban on all bauxite mining was introduced due to serious environmental concerns. (...)

4.52.   (...)The Geological Survey Act 1974, the National Land Code Act 1965 (Act 56), and the Environmental Quality Act 1974 are also relevant to the mining sector. Under the latter, environmental impact assessments were required when the surface of a mining lease exceeded 250 hectares. The Act was subsequently revised to make environmental impact assessments necessary for all mining leases, regardless of size, under Schedule 2 of the Environmental Quality Act.

4.54.   The transformation plan foresees the establishment of a Mineral Industry Development Board (LPMM). The LPMM will play a leading role in spurring the development and governance of the mineral industry in a sustainable and holistic manner, which will include strengthening the enforcement and supervision of mines, quarry and mineral processing activities, and research and development initiatives in mineral and mineral-based products for the global market, as well as the mapping, management, and monitoring of mineral resources. (...) At its inaugural meeting in February 2021, the new MMN[the National Mineral Council] considered several issues, including working papers related to the industry transformation, sustainable mining activities, standard operating procedures for mineral mining and export, and mineral area zoning. It also approved standard operating procedure frameworks for bauxite mining (and exports) and non-radioactive rare earth elements.

4.58.   The energy sector's legal framework comprises (...) the Renewable Energy Act 2011, and the Sustainable Energy Development Authority Act 2011. (...)

4.59.   (...)DTN[the National Energy Policy 2022-2040] charts the way forward and outlines key priorities for Malaysia's energy sector encompassing both power and non-power as well as all energy sources, including oil, natural gas, coal, hydroelectric energy, solar power, bioenergy, and other emerging energy sources. (...) DTN's progressive Low Carbon Nation 2040 Aspiration should ensure that the energy sector will take full advantage of opportunities arising from the energy transition, as well as ensure the sector to be future-proof and strategically positioned to meet subsequent challenges.

4.61.   DTN[the National Energy Policy 2022-2040] sets targets to increase the percentage of industrial and commercial electricity savings from 1% in 2018 to 11%, and from 1% to 10% for residential energy efficiency savings, by 2040. Under the National Energy Efficiency Plan (NEEAP) 2016-2025, Malaysia aims to save 52,233 GWh (accumulated over the implementing period). (...)Key initiatives involve energy-efficient building design, (...) and minimum energy performance standards (lighting and motors). The Sustainability Achieved Via Energy Efficiency (SAVE) 2.0 Programme, introduced in January 2021, provided domestic electricity consumers with MYR 200 vouchers that could be used, on a first-come, first-served basis, for the purchase of energy-efficient air conditioners and refrigerators, subsequently extended to other appliances such as washing machines and television sets. [74] (...)
[74] The original SAVE programme designed under the Economic Transformation Program in 2011 also offered cash rebates (MYR 45 million in total) for the purchase of certain energy efficient appliances.

Table 4.14 Primary energy supply and consumption, 2015-19
(Kilotonne oil equivalent (ktoe))
(…)
Total primary supply: Biodiesel: (2015)389,(2016)389, (2017)379, (2018)436,(2019)648
Total primary supply: Hydropower: (2015)1346,(2016)1723, (2017)2287, (2018)2265,(2019)2251
Total primary supply: Biomass: (2015)189,(2016)198, (2017)194, (2018)241,(2019)204
Total primary supply: Biogas: (2015)18,(2016)21, (2017)41, (2018)147,(2019)118
Total primary supply: Solar: (2015)75,(2016)90, (2017)93, (2018)172,(2019)128
(…)

4.63.   In 2018, Malaysia set a target for renewables to account for 20% of installed capacity by 2025. The initial target was revised, in 2020, to 31% by 2025 and 40% by 2035. The fulfilment of the targets relies to a large extent on private investment in solar power, thus maintaining incentives through the Green Technology Financing Scheme, the Green Investment Tax Allowance, and the Green Income Tax Exemption, as well as introducing other schemes. The Net Energy Metering programme, introduced in late 2018, allows private installations of solar panels to exchange excess energy generated with the grid.

4.65.   (...) As the custodian of Malaysia's national oil and gas resources, PETRONAS[Petroliam Nasional Berhad] explores, produces, and delivers energy, both hydrocarbon and renewables, to ensure the security of energy supply for Malaysia and around the globe. PETRONAS has five core businesses: upstream, downstream, gas, clean energy solutions, and project delivery and technology. (...)

4.68. PETRONAS[Petroliam Nasional Berhad] has announced its ambition to achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2050. In the near term, the company aims at capping the greenhouse gas emissions from its operations in Malaysia at 49.5 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent, and to increase its renewable energy capacity to 3,000 MW, by 2024.