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The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) issued a National Medium-and-Long-Term Development Plan for Renewable Energy in September 2007 with a view to promoting renewable energy (e.g. wind power, solar power, hydro power, biomass power, geothermal power, and ocean power), energy conservation projects and environmental protection

In 2009, the central government started to provide lump sum grants to consumers who bought new energy-saving or new-energy cars listed in a promotion catalogue, while a Fund for SMEs International Market Exploration provides SMEs with financial assistance covering, among other things, the accreditation fees for environment management system or for the product

The authorities consider that state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in some sectors (e.g. chemicals, coal, electric power, and automobiles) were particularly in need of reform due to, inter alia, inferior technology and heavy pollution

The Circular on the Establishment of National Security Review on Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors (Guo Ban Fa 2011/6) prescribes the scope of national security reviews for specific activities, including acquisition of and gaining control over enterprises related to national security in the sectors of key agricultural products, key energy and natural resources, among other things

Plant varieties are protected for 20 years from the date of authorization of vines, forest trees, and ornamental trees, and 15 years for other plants

The 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015) reaffirms the commitments in earlier plans to build a Socialist New Countryside through strengthened support, more benefits to farmers, and the promotion of modernization in order to improve living standards for farmers, emphasizing the need to increase farm mechanization as well as the development and adoption of biotechnology and protection of the natural environment

The Green for Grain programme was introduced on a pilot basis in 1999 with the objective of encouraging afforestation, reversing ecological degradation and soil erosion, and reducing over-cultivation of sensitive land

The main law governing fisheries is the Fishery Law of 1986, which was revised in 2004 to place greater emphasis on the conservation of fishery resources

The revised Law on Renewable Energy stipulates that the Government is to implement unified administration of the development and utilization of renewable energy, including to adopt a system of guaranteed full purchase of electricity generated from renewable energy such as wind power, solar power, geothermal power, and biomass power

China maintains a policy to develop advanced machinery manufacturing, optimize natural-resources processing, and upgrade consumer goods industries and adjust structurally industries with excess capacities or industries of intensive energy consumption or high pollution, such as iron and steel, textiles and clothing, petrochemicals, and light industry