Search

4.22. Malaysia promotes sustainable energy sources for reduced greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel dependency under its National Biofuel Policy 2006 and the Malaysian Biofuel Industry Act 2007. Biofuels, using CPO[crude palm oil] as feedstock, are used in domestic transport and industry, and for export. Malaysia mandates biodiesel use through regulations on land transport and industry. The B5 biodiesel programme (blends of 5% biodiesel with 95% petroleum diesel) was introduced for land transportation in 2011, and subsequently upgraded to B7 in 2014 and B10 in 2019. Nationwide adoption of the B20 palm oil biofuel programme is foreseen by the end of 2022. [38] (...)
[38] Reuters (2022), "Malaysia Aims to Fully Implement B20 Biodiesel Mandate by Year-End", 5 January. (…)

4.32.   (...) Under the NAP 2.0[the National Agrofood Policy 2021-2030], strategies include (i) boosting productivity through better management of land and water use;(...)

4.34.   BERNAS[Padiberas Nasional Berhad] carries out various activities, including (...) (vii) contributing to the natural disaster fund; and (viii) supporting the paddy and rice industry development information system, and supporting the development of soil nutrients.

4.37.   (...) Policies are focused on increasing growth and sustainability in the poultry industry; (...)

4.42. The Department of Fisheries Malaysia in the MAFI[the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industries] is responsible for the overall management of fisheries related matters, including the implementation of rules and regulations, policies, and resource management. It also provides technical support to marine and freshwater fisheries and aquaculture. Several agencies provide specific services to fisheries and aquaculture, including the Fisheries Development Authority of Malaysia (LKIM), the Fisheries Research Institute of Malaysia, the Malaysia Maritime Enforcement Agency (MMEA), and the Department of Fisheries Sabah. [57]
[57] LKIM, inter alia, promotes and develops efficient and effective management of fisheries enterprises and fish marketing, facilitates economic and social developments of Fishermen's Associations, and supervises Fishermen's Associations (https://lkim.gov.my/en/vision-mission-objectives/). The Fisheries Research Institute of Malaysia provides scientific advice for the sustainable exploitation and management of fisheries resources, conserving aquatic resources, and enhancing fish production through the development of appropriate technologies (http://fri.dof.gov.my/fri.php/pages/view/2872). (...)

4.43.   The Fisheries Act 1985 (Act 317), the amendments to the Act, and accompanying regulations constitute the principal legal framework for fisheries. In 2019, the amendment was adopted to increase the penalty for foreign fishing vessel and expansion to high seas. According to the authorities, the proposed amendments to the Act are currently before the Parliament. Under the Act, the Minister of the MAFI[the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industries] may put forward regulations relating to the management and development of fisheries resources, including licensing fishing vessels; prohibiting specific fishing methods, areas, and species; and determining closed seasons.(...)

4.44.   (...) The Twelfth Plan encourages the adoption of digital technologies with emphasis on sustainable development of capture fisheries, as well as advancing the value chain through modernized operational and production processes. The NAP 2.0[the National Agrofood Policy 2021-2030] highlights some issues facing the sector, including the depletion of resources due to overfishing, increasing production costs, biosecurity and compliance issues on aquaculture farms, and lower income for fishers. Strategies to cope with these issues include maintaining self-sufficiency levels; enhancing monitoring, control, and surveillance efforts in marine areas; safe and sustainable fish sources along the value chain; and improving the livelihood and income levels of fishing communities. The Strategic Plan of the Department of Fisheries 2021-2030 in line with the NAP 2.0 serves as a blueprint to boost the fisheries industry towards a higher contribution to the country's economy and, in parallel, ensure the sustainability of fisheries resources. The Plan has five main thrusts: modernizing and promote smart aquaculture; strengthening the domestic market and developing demand-driven and export-ready products; building capacity to meet demand of the industry; moving towards sustainable production and food system; and creating a conducive business ecosystem and strong institutional framework.

4.45.   Other specific policies are outlined in the Tuna Industry Development Strategic Plan 2021-2030 and the National Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing (Malaysia's NPOA-IUU).[62] (...)The Tuna Strategic Plan 2021-2030 has outlined 6 pillars: (i) compliance to domestic and international instruments; (ii) vessel specification (modernization) and quota determination; (iii) technology improvement; (iv) development of management and control system; (v) regulation of tuna fisheries; and (vi) post-harvest. (...)
[62] Malaysia's NPOA-IUU was developed in accordance with the International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter, and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing (IPOA-IUU), adopted in 2001 by the FAO.

4.46. Malaysia is committed to combating IUU fishing as set out in Malaysia's NPOA IUU[the National Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing]. As noted at the previous Review, Malaysia's NPOA IUU outlines a number of action plans including monitoring, control, and surveillance (MCS); regular joint patrol operations with neighbouring countries; fishing vessel registration; and port state measures to control the entry of foreign-flagged vessels into Malaysia. According to the authorities, Malaysia is still in the process of developing criteria for mechanism to monitor IUU vessels.

4.47.   (...) Fuel subsidies accounted for more than 70% of the total (MYR 1,902 million), followed by living allowances (24%) designed as income support to fishers affected by adverse weather conditions.[65] (...)
[65] W. Wen Chiat Lee and K.K. Viswanathan (2019), "Subsidies in the Fisheries Sector of Malaysia: Impact on Resource Sustainability", Review of Politics and Public Policy in Emerging Economies, Vol. 1, No. 2, December.