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The Export and Import Control Act 1957 provides that the Government may impose import and export restrictions or prohibitions for the objectives of, inter alia, conservation of exhaustible natural resources (in conjunction with restrictions on domestic production or consumption)

Nepal prohibits or restricts the export of some products, and levies export taxes on others in order to protect the wildlife and conserve the biodiversity, the environment and exhaustible natural resources

Permission is required for exports of some timber products and forest resources, related to biodiversity and environment conservation (neo-picrorhiza scrophulariifolia, nardostachys grandiflora, Rauvolfia serpentine, orchids, taxus baccata, dioscorea deltoidea, talauma hodgsonii, and michelia champaca, shorea robusta, accacia catechu, dalbergia latifolia, pterocarpus marsupium, bombax ceiba)

Export taxes are levied on some products, in particular wood, to protect the environment (discourage environment degradation) inter alia

If batteries used in equipment generating energy from solar power are produced and supplied by any domestic industry, zero rate VAT is applied to that industry on that transaction, while any machinery, equipment, tools and their spare parts, penstock pipes or iron sheets required for hydro-power projects are produced and supplied by any domestic industry is subject to a zero rate VAT

The Government may issue licences, control the sale, fix the cost of purchase, or regulate or restrict commercial or economic transactions of these essential commodities, such as gravel, boulders, and sand in view of environment considerations

Standards relating to, inter alia, environment are developed by relevant ministries, and are published in Nepal Gazette

Given that agriculture, forestry and fishing accounted for 35.7% of Nepal's real GDP in 2010/11, Nepal's key objective for agriculture is food security, while maintaining proper conservation and management of its natural resources and biodiversity given the severe deforestation that is leading to erosion and flooding

For reasons of health and environment protection, Nepal applies restrictions on imports of other agricultural products including DDT, methyl parathion

Nepal levies export duties on some agricultural products in order to discourage environmental degradation, inter alia