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Brazil is nearly self-sufficient in primary energy production; although Brazil's energy matrix remains one of the greenest in the world, the participation of renewable sources in total energy production decreased during the review period.

Brazil is nearly self-sufficient in primary energy production; petroleum production has been expanding steadily, posting a 20.5% increase from 2007 to 2011.

The Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) defines the general policy for the energy sector and presides over the National Energy Policy Council (CNPE), which formulates policies and regulations pertaining to hydrocarbons, biofuels , and electricity. Policy for the ethanol and sugar industry is also determined by the Inter-Ministerial Council for Sugar and Alcohol (CIMA).  There are two autonomous regulatory agencies linked to the MME: the National Agency for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP), which regulates hydrocarbons and biofuels (except for state-level distribution of natural gas); and the National Agency for Electrical Energy (ANEEL), responsible for regulating and overseeing the electricity sector

This regime is also aimed at achieving greater state control over oil production and a more equal distribution of its proceeds among Brazilians. To this end, government revenues arising from production-sharing contracts are to be channelled to a social fund to finance education, poverty reduction, and environmental initiatives. 

Concessionaries are eligible for a Special Customs Regime (REPETRO), which suspends the application of all federal and state taxes on specific equipment and spare parts imported for direct use in E&P activities. The REPETRO also allows for the "fictitious exportation" and subsequent importation, under the temporary admission customs regime, of goods produced in Brazil and sold in foreign currency to an entity domiciled abroad for use in the exploration of petroleum and natural gas in Brazil (Chapter 3.4.2.7). The list of eligible goods was modified in 2008 to include, inter alia, equipment and tools intended for rescue, accident prevention, fire fighting, and protection of the environment. 

Brazil also considers bioenergy, including biofuels, an indispensable tool for the expansion and diversification of the energy matrix. Nowadays, biomass electricity – generated mostly from sugarcane processing plants – accounts for about 8% of Brazil’s total energy consumption. By 2021, biomass and wind generation are expected to supply 16% of the country's energy needs. In the transportation sector, the use of ethanol and biodiesel plays a key role in the pursuit of sustainable development, climate change mitigation and energy security. The Brazilian case shows that the long term and large scale sustainable production and use of biofuels are possible, and Brazil continues to work towards the creation of an international market for biofuels.

Since 2011, the BNDES has also financed innovation in sugarcane biomass technology through PAISS, a programme run in partnership with the state-owned company Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP). Between 2011 and 2014, PAISS may disburse up to R$1 billion in the form of credit instruments, equity participation, and economic support.  The PAISS programme is focused in developing new technologies for second-generation biofuels and better use of biomass as a source of clean energy .

The 2013 Law also authorized the Federal Government to acquire the claims held be ELETROBRAS in Itaipu, and grant them to the Energy Development Fund (CDE), created by Law No. 10,438 of 26 April 2002. The Law allowed for the transfer of the Global Reversion Reserve (RGR) resources to the CDE. 571 The CDE’s role was redefined to: promote the development of energy in the Brazilian states, while promoting the universality of electrical energy service in the whole Brazilian territory, the competitiveness of energy produced from sources such as wind, photovoltaics, solar, small hydro power plants, biomass , other renewable sources, and natural gas, and guaranteeing the resources needed to provide subsidies for low-income consumers. The CDE is financed through annual fees paid by all agents commercializing electric energy , fees paid for the use of the distribution and transmission systems, fines paid to ANEEL, and Federal Government credits. The CDE is managed by ELETROBRAS.

Brazil signed the UN Convention on a Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences in 1975, but did not ratify it. 701 Brazil is a member of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and has ratified a number of IMO conventions related to maritime safety, prevention of maritime pollution , and civil liability, among others

The 2012-16 OP (multi-annual development plans) strategic goals are: rationalization of public administration, through increased efficiency and performance, and decentralization; increasing earning capacity via the mining sector; re-organization of education; expansion of employment; creation of a healthy society; development of the tourism sector; encouragement of export-oriented businesses; and urban planning from an environmental perspective.